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To counter the Cultural Exceptionalism:
* India, China, Chile, Cuba, Lebanon, and Panama were all involved in the original drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
* The principles of Human Rights have been adopted, ratified, by many developing nations.
* It is hypocrisy to install a modern nation-state model of government over tribal boundaries but then claim to use those tribal traditions to judge human rights.
* Kofi Annan: the problem with religion is not usually the faith, but the faithful.
* Kofi Annan: "When have you heard a free voice demand an end to freedom? When have you heard a slave argue for slavery? When have you heard a victim of torture endorse the ways of the torturer? Where have you heard the tolerant cry for intolerance?
Essay by John Burton.
Describes post-Behavioural [[Pluralism]].
"contemporary international relations differed fundamental from earlier networks of relationships in that comprised multiple highly interdependent [ [[Interdependence]] ] structures and were best represented not as billiard balls in collision but as 'cobwebs' with diverse interlinkages." SoISociety, pp. 28-9.
"Reference by British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in a speech in South Africa in 1960 to the political changes taking place across Africa heralding the end of European [[Imperialism]]" GoWP, p. 77.
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University of London, External Programme
Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences
Taken from mid Feb, 2007.
University of London, External Programme
Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences
Taken from February 2007.
The [[Idealism]] of Woodrow [[Wilson]] is personified with these "14 Points", which formed the terms of German surrender, the end of World War I, establishment of the [[League of Nations]] and the basis of peace in Europe.. The fourteen points were first delievered in a speech to a joint session of US Congress on January 8th, 1918:
# Open covenants openly arrived at.
# Freedom of the seas alike in peace and war.
# The removal of all economic barriers to trade.
# Reduction in national armaments.
# A free, open-minded and impartial adjustment of all colonial claimes, based on the principle that the interests of the population concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.
# The evacuation of Russian territory and the independent determination by Rssia of her own political development and national policy.
# The evacuation and restoration of Belgium.
# The evacuation and restoration of France and the return of Alsace-Lorraine.
# A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy along national lines.
# Self-determination for the peoples of Austria-Hungary.
# A redrawing of the boundaries of the Balkan states along historically established lines of nationality.
# Self-determination for the peoples under Turkish rule.
# The independence of Poland with free access to the sea guranteed by international covanent.
# The formation of a general association of nations under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.
"As a number if historians have shown, Wilson advanced his fourteen points for many reasons, but one, obviously, was a shrewd appreciation that liberal democracy was the best antidote to Bolshevism and reaction in a world turned upside down by global war. Even his support for self-determination was as muh a strategic ploy as a moral demand. As the record reveals, the ultimate purpose of the slogan was not to free all nations, but rather to undermine the remaining empires on the European continent and win America friends in the east and central Europe. Wilson understood, even if his later realist critics did not, the power of values and norms in international relations." Cox, 2000: 6-7
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson%27s_14_points
''__Following Tiddlers refer here__:''
<<referrers>>
!Definition
In relation to insurance - those who are a poor risk tend to want more insurance.
As the premiums rise, those who have less risk drop out - and shrink the pool of insured, increasing premiums, and so on. Too little insurance is sold to "good risks", resulting in failure.
Adverse Selection is combated with [[Discrimination]].
Bull, Hedley. //The Anarchical Society; A Study of Order in World Politics//. Third Edition. London: Palgrave, 2002.
''Chapter 1: The Concept of Order in World Politics''
* Defines [[Society]], [[Order]] and [[International Society]] versus [[International System]]
* [[Bull]] regards an [[International System]] differently from others. Some see it scientifically, the system can be used to make predictions, etc. [[Bull]], rather, sees the [[International System]] as a "constellation" of states.
* Definition of the goals of [[International Order]].
* The definition of [[World Order]].
''Chapter 2: Does [[Order]] Exist in World Politics?''
* A description of [[Christian International Society]].
* A description of [[European International Society]].
* A description of [[World International Society]].
* A discussion over the importance of [[Pretext to War]].
The structure and ordering principle of International Politics. Each nation state is a group within the anarchic system, relating to each other in anarchy, without higher governing authority.
From the Greek word anarkhos, meaning: "without a ruler".
In International Relations, anarchy refers to the situation where there is no higher authority or government. A state without a government, say in a revolution, is said to be in anarchy. Also, the [[International System]] is said to be in anarchy as there is no central government higher than the state. Each individual [[Nation State]] survives with its [[Sovereignty]] in a state of anarchy as there is no power greater than that of the state.
Thomas [[Hobbes]] was the first philosopher to recognise this condition, which has become particularly important to the theory of [[Realism]]:
"It is easy to see how this pre-social condition is often said to be applicable to international relations, particularly among realists in the field. They argue that the absence of a supreme ruler capable of enforcing [[Order]] across the entire system means that individual states are in a permanent state of insecurity and must be prepared to do whatever they can to survive in this hostile [[Self Help]] environment. This relationship between anarchy and [[War]], then, is extremely close." IRKeyConcepts, p. 3.
IRKeyConcepts, pp. 2-4.
DicIR pp. 18-20.
DicPol pp. 15-6.
"System of racial segregation introduced in South Africa in 1948, designed to ensure white minority domination" GoWP, p. 77.
''The Historical Approach''
In the formalized study of political theory, from a //historical perspective// we are looking to explain why these thinkers developed these theories. Two approaches the study commonly takes are the:
* [[Contextual Approach]], taking an idea like an archaeological artefact and studying it within the historical, social, political, and economic circumstances that it developed in. The other way is the
* [[Hermeneutic Approach]], to look at the direct meaning of the argument and what it meant to the people it was developed for. The theory's meaning is defined by its use, and the ideas were answers to questions of the age. This makes the hermeneutic approach a study of the patterns of ideas, the actions and reactions of political thinking at any time.
''The Philosophical Approach''
This approach looks more at the substance of the argument and it's reasoning. There are two common ways of looking at political philosophy:
* The [[Normative Approach]], usually concerned with ethics, law and morality, have to do with concepts of obligation, duty and //what we should do//.
* The [[Positive Approach]], looks at what actors, institutions and agents, and how they should act. Positive theorists explain what is happening and predict what should happen.
"The process of buying a product in one [[Market]] and selling it in a different market, in order to make a profit from the difference between the prices in the two markets." GoWP, p. 362.
"A pervasive and indispensable concept which is part of the stock-in-trade of both students and practitioners of diplomacy. Indeed, it is regarded by some scholars as the nearest thing we have to a political theory ofinternational relations. However, its meaning is by no means clear and it is open to a number of different interpretations. Martin Wight, for example, distinguishes between nine different meanings of the term:
# An even distribution of power.
# The principle that power should be evenly distributed
# The existing distribution of power. Hence, any possible distribution of power.
# The principle of equal aggrandizement of the great powers at the expense of the weak.
# The principle that one side ought to have a margin of strength in order to avert the danger of power becoming evenly distributed.
# (When governed by the verb 'to hold') A special role in maintaining an even distribution of power.
# (When governed by the verb 'to hold') A special advantage in the existing distribution of power.
# Predominence
# An inherent tendency of International politics to produce an even distribution of power."
DicIR pp. 41-42
A description of how [[Marx]] saw history, a [[Materialist Conception of History]].
The ''"base"'', the [[Means of Production]] and [[Relations of Production]], develop with technology and dictate the economy. The economy affects all of politics and society, the ''"superstructure"''.
[[Gramsci]] incorporated a lot of this into [[Gramscianism]], as he found it an important part his ''consent'' ideas. The superstructure may be affected by the base, but how the superstructure reacts will determine how much change the base can incorporate.
Other smaller reference works can be found in the [[Books and Articles]] tiddler.
More information on these books and others on my bookshelf can be found at http://www.shelfari.com/carsonspost/shelf.
Most of these books are simply referenced. Some of them are important enough to be note-form indexed. These are, or will be, AnarchSociety, GoWP, UnderstandingIR, and SoISociety, and each will be tagged with "Notes".
| <<tag AnarchSociety>> | [[Bull]], Hedley. ''//The Anarchical Society; A Study of Order in World Politics//''. Third Edition. London: Palgrave, 2002. |
| <<tag ByndWelState>> | Pierson, Christopher. ''//Beyond the Welfare State?//''. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991. |
| <<tag DicIR>> | Evans, Graham and Newnham, Jeffrey. ''//The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations//''. London: Penguin Books, 1998. |
| <<tag DicPol>> | McLean, Iain and McMillan, Alistair. ''//Oxford Concise Dictionary of Politics//''. Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. |
| <<tag GoWP>> | Baylis, John and Smith, Steve. ''//The Globalization of World Politics//''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. |
| <<tag IntpretMdrnPoliPhilo>> | Edwards, Alistair and Townshend, Jules (Editors). ''//Interpreting Modern Political Philosophy; From Machiavelli to Marx//''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. |
| <<tag IRKeyConcepts>> | Griffiths, Martin and O'Callaghan, Terry. ''//International Relations; The Key Concepts//''. London: Routledge, 2002. |
| <<tag ManStateWar>> | [[Waltz]], Kenneth N. ''//Man, the State, and War; A Theoretical Analysis//''. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. |
| <<tag NeoRealCritics>> | [[Keohane]], Robert O. ''//Neorealism and its Critics//''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. |
| <<tag PoliThinkers>> | Boucher, David and Kelly, Paul (editors) ''//Political Thinkers; From Socrates to the Present//''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. |
| <<tag SoISociety>> | Stern, Geoffrey. ''//The Structure of International Society; An Introduction to the Study of International Relations//''. Second Edition. London, Pinter Press, 2000. |
| <<tag TheoryIP>> | [[Waltz]], Kenneth N. ''//Theory of International Politics//''. Boston: McGraw Hill, 1979. |
| <<tag UnderstandingIR>> | Brown, Chris and Ainley, Kirsten. ''//Understanding International Relations//''. Third Edition. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. |
| <<tag UnderstandingSP>> | Hill, Michael. ''//Understanding Social Policy.//'' Seventh Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003. |
| <<tag WelStateReader>> | Pierson,Christopher and Castles, Francis G. ''//The Welfare State Reader//'' Second Edition. C 2006. |
| <<tag WorldPhilo>> | Heilbroner, Robert L. ''//The Worldly Philosophers; The Lives, Times and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers//''. Sixth Edition. New York: Touchstone; Simon and Shuster, 1986. |
| <<tag WorldPoli>> | Kegley, Charles W. and Wittkopf, Eugene R. ''//World Politics; Trends and Transformation//''. Tenth Edition. London: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006. |
| <<tag VSINationalism>> | Grosby, Steven. ''//Nationalism, a Very Short Introduction//''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. |
The selection of books this Tiddly is based upon is found in the [[Bibliography]].
These works are of note and any references in the Tiddly will be linked to here.
//[[The Globalization Syndrome]]//
Mittelman, James H. //The Globalization Syndrome, Transformation and Resistance//. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
[[Globalization: Whats New?]] What's not? And So What?
Robert O. [[Keohane]] and Joseph S. [[Nye]], Foreign Policy, Spring 2000, p. 104
[[Whose City Is It?]] Globalization and the Formation of New Claims
Saskia Sassen,
[[Interlocking Economics]]: Unlocking the Mysteries of Globalization
Jeffery Sachs, The Frontiers of Knowledge
[[Are Human Rights Universal?]]
Thomas M. Franck, Foreign Affairs 80, no. 1 (2001), pp. 191-204.
[["Are Human Rights Universal?"]]
Shashi Tharoor, World Policy Journal 16, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): pp. 1-6.
[[Resilience of the State]]; The Evolution and Sustainability of Sovereignty
Samuel Barkin, Harvard International Review 22, no. 4 (2001), pp. 42-46.
//[[On Liberty]]//; essay by John Stuart Mill, 1868.
Mill, John Stuart. //On Liberty and Other Essays//. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
The capitalist middle class
A report by senior level policy makers examining how the international community should respond to the challenges of developing nations.
Post World War II policy makers gathered at Bretton Woods. The [[New World Economic Order]] the system proposed included the creation of the [[IMF]], [[GATT]], and the [[IBRD]].
This system was built in reaction to the [[Great Depression]] and to ensure:
* a stable exchange rate system
* a reserve asset or unit of account (such as the gold standard)
* control of international capital flows
* the availability of short-term loans to countries facing a temporary balance of payments crisis
* a body of rules to keep trade open.
The Bretton Woods system fixed exchange rates to the US dollar, which fixed itself to the [[Gold Standard]] (as opposed to all currencies fixing themselves to the gold standard, etc.) and for any exchange rates to change, application had to be made to the [[IMF]]. This is a very stable system.
"Declaration by Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev in November 1968 that members of the [[Warsaw Pact]] would enjoy only 'limited [[Sovereignty]]' in their political development" GoWP, p. 77.
Hedley Bull, author of //The Anarchical Society//, and instrumental figure in [[The English School]] of international relations.
Hedley [[Bull]]'s analysis of Thomas [[Hobbes]]'s, and other's, argument for international [[Anarchy]] and the state of nature allegory.
"The absence of a world government is no necessary bar to industry, trade and other refinements of living. States do not in fact so exhaust their strength and invention in providing security against one another that the lives of their inhabitants are solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short; they do not as a rule invest resources in war and military preparations to such an extent that their economic fabric is ruined. On the contrary, the armed forces of states, by providing security against external attack and internal disorder, establish the conditions under which economic improvements may take place within their borders. The absence of a universal government has not been incompatible with international economic interdependence.
"It is also clear that the second feature of Hobbes's state of nature, the absence in it of notions of right and wrong, including notions of property, does not apply to modern international relations. Within the system of states that grew up in Europe and spread around the world, notions of right and wrong in international behaviour have always held a central place.
"Of the three principal features of Hobbes's state of nature the only one that might be held to apply to modern international relations is the third - the existence of in it of a state of war, in the sense of a disposition on the part of every state to war with every other state. Sovereign states, even while they are at peace, nevertheless display a disposition to go to war with one another, inasmuch as they prepare for war and treat war as one of the options open to them.
"The second weakness of the argument from international anarchy is that it is based on false premises about the conditions of order among individuals and groups other than the state. It is not, of course, the case that fear of a supreme government is the only source of order within a modern state: no account of the reasons why men are capable of orderly social coexistence within a modern state can be complete which does not give due weight to factors such as reciprocal interest, a sense of community or general will, and habit or inertia.
"If, then, we are to compare international relations with an imagine, pre-contractual state of nature among individual men, we may well choose not Hobbes's description of that condition but Locke's. Locke's conception of the state of nature as a society without government does in fact provide us with a close analogy with the society of states. In modern international society, as in Locke's state of nature, there is no central authority able to interpret and enforce the law, and thus individual members of the society must themselves judge and enforce it. Because in such a society each member of it is a judge in his own cause, and because those who seek to enforce the law do not always prevail, justice in such a society is crude and uncertain. But there is nevertheless a great difference between such a rudimentary form of social life and none at all.
"The third weakness of the argument from international [[Anarchy]] is that it overlooks the limitations of the domestic analogy. States, after all, are very unlike human individuals. Even if it could be contended that government is a necessary condition of order among individual men, there are good reasons for holding that anarchy among states is tolderable to a degree to which among individuals it is not.
"We have already noted that, unlike the individual in Hobbes's state of nature, the state does not find its energies so absorbed in the pursuit of security that the life of its member is that of mere brutes. Hobbes himself recognises this when, having observed that persons in sovereign authority are in 'a posture of war', he goes on to say that 'because they uphold thereby the industry of thier subjects, there does not follow from it that misery which accompanies the liberty of particular men'. The same sovereigns that find themselves in a state of nature in relation to one another have provided, within their territories, the conditions in which refinements of life can flourish.
"Moreover, states are not vulnerable to violent attach to the same degree that individuals are. [[Spinoza]], echoing Hobbes in his assertion that 'two states are in the same relation to one another as two men in the condition of nature', goes on to add, 'with this exception, that a commonwealth can guard itself against being subjugated by another, as a man in the state of nature cannot do. For, of course, a man is overcome by sleep ever day, is often afflicted by disease of body or mind, and is finally prostrated by old age; in addition, he is subject to troubles against which a commonwealth can make itself secure.' One human being in the state of nature cannot make himself secure against violent attack; and this attack carries with it the prospect of sudden death. Groups of human beings organised as states, however, may provide themselves with a means of defence that exists independently of the frailties of any one of them. And armed attack by one state upon another has not brought with it a prospect comparable to the killing of one individual by another. For one man's death may be brought about suddenly in a single act; and once it has occurred it cannot be undone. But war has only occasionally resulted in the physical extinction of the vanquished people." AnarchSociety, p. 45-7.
A variation, in the school of [[Realism]], of the concept of [[Power]] introduced by Kenneth [[Waltz]]. Capabilities are a state's strength defined by: size of population and territory, resource endowment, economic capability, military strength, political stability and competence.
Capitalist mode of production's social relations to each historical period:
1 Everything involved in production has an exchange value, even workers wages.
2 Everything involved in production is owned by the capitalist class
3 Even through workers are free, they must sell their labour to the capitalist class who own the [[Means of Production]], [[Relations of Production]], and control the profit resulting from the workers labour.
[[Wallerstein]] on Capitalism:
"A system of production for sale in a market for profit and appropriation of this profit on the basis of individual or collective ownership." //The Capitalist World Economy//. 1979, p. 66
* Within this system, specific institutions are being created and re-created.
* This applies to economic institutions like companies, corporations, or even industries but also to social and primordial institutions like the family unit, ethnic groups, states, etc.
* None of these institutions is timeless, all are temporary.
* Everything adapting to the constant shifting of the dynamic world system.
* Everything including the system itself, which starts and ends and is dynamic throughout.
[[Linklater]] on Capitalism:
"A system of production in which human labour and its products are commodities that are bought and sold in the marketplace." (GoWP, p. 621)
In the fifteen through seventeenth centuries, western Europe was disintegrating from its dominance by the church and modern states were evolving. Three outlooks on [[Society]] had emerged.
* That of [[Machiavelli]] and Thomas [[Hobbes]] who saw a world in the vacuum of [[Anarchy]] and constant [[War]] and confrontation.
* Those who looked toward universal authority in the Pope or Emperor.
* A few who saw the emergence of a new [[International Society]] of [[International Law]] and [[International Order]]. Men like Hugo [[Grotius]].
Europe formed such an [[International Society]], whose attempts to limit violence was based on the following:
* Their common Christian heritage and inherited Roman law. For example, treaties were signed and sealed with religious oaths.
* There was no definition of the political entity, no rigid equivalent of a state. The political entity could be anything from a duchy to a republic, so ultimately the concepts of [[International Law]] rested on the individual.
* There was a strong element of "natural law" instilled in this [[Society]]. This was inherited from the [[Roman]] tradition, and was a byproduct of the evolution from the [[Medieval Age]].
* The assumptions of the time was that the [[International Society]] was based on a universal society, the [[International Law]] of that time was more a law common in all nations than applied to the actions of nations.
* There was no attempt at creating supra-national institutions to control the actions of state. There was the previously existing Papacy, and were elements of [[Empire]] still at work, but neither were constructs bsed on the consent of the states within the [[Society]].
The growth in complexity of [[International Society]] at this time led to innovations in diplomacy (such as the ambassador). However, at this time there were no [[Great Powers]] or [[Balance of Power]] concepts at play. That waited for the next stage of [[International Society]], the [[European International Society]].
The status one has with the rights to representation and to participate in politics.
Networks of social institutions and practises which take place below political institutions that allow citizens to organize, represent and express themselves, democratic theorists see these as essential for Democracy. (eg Family, economic relationships, social affiliations, etc.)
Conflict between social and economic classes. In [[Marxist Theory]] between the [[Proletariat]] and the [[Bourgeoisie]] capitalist classes.
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"The doctrine of live and let live between political communities, or states." GoWP, p. 36.
The indirect conflict between the USSR and the US from 1945-1990 which defines the latter half of the twentieth century.
Major Moments of the Cold War:
|1945 | UN | Development of the [[United Nations]] |
|1947 | US | Development of the [[Truman Doctrine]] of [[Containment]] |
|Berlin, 1948-9 | US and USSR | the Berlin airlift. |
|April 1949 | NATO | Creation and signing of NATO |
|Taiwan Straits, 1954-5 | US and China | Taiwan Straits Crisis |
|Eastern Europe, 1955 | Warsaw Pact | Creation of the [[Warsaw Pact]]. |
|Berlin, 1961 | US/NATO and USSR | Berlin wall |
|Cuba, 1962 | US, USSR and Cuba | The [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] |
|1963 | Various | Limited Test-ban Treaty |
|1968 | Various | Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty |
|1972 | Various | Biological Weapons Convention |
|1972 | USSR and US | SALT I, limits on strategic arms |
|1972 | USSR and US | ABM Treaty, limits anti-ballistic missiles |
|Israel, 1973 | Israel, Egypt, US, USSR | The Arab/Israeli War |
|1979 | USSR and US | SALT II, limits on strategic arms |
|1983 | US/NATO, USSR | Exercise //Able Archer//. |
|1987 | US and USSR | Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty, bans some nuclear weapons |
|1990 | US and USSR | START I, reducing strategic weapons. |
|1991 | USSR | USSR disbands |
A key concept in [[Liberalism]]. Refers to an arrangement where 'each state in the system accepts that the security of one is the concern of all, and agrees to join in a collective response to aggression.' They agree to three principles:
# They agree to use [[Diplomacy]] and peaceful means to settle disputes and affect the status quo.
# The [[National Interest]] is broadened to include the interests of other [[Nation State]]s within the [[International Community]].
# States learn to trust each other and to not fear domination by other states, leaving their destinies in collective security.
Collective security is not an attempt at getting rid of war, but rather a system for preventing the worst excesses.
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"[[Gorbachev]]'s concept (associated with his [[New Thinking]] in foreign policy) of the essential unity of Europe and of the need to overcome the 'artificiality and temporariness of the bloc-to-bloc confrontation and the archaic nature of the "[[Iron Curtain]]"'." GoWP, p. 109.
The opposite of [[Individualism]], and take two forms:
* Methodological communitarianism looks at the group (the family, the nation, etc.) as the most important unit in the explanation.
* Ethical communitarianists believe the individuals are ethically significant based on their station in the group, therefore the community or group holds primary ethical claim.
The human association where people share common symbols and want to cooperate to achieve common objectives.
"In the early 1990s the idea of a concert of powers became popular as a recipe for managing relations between the [[Great Powers]] and for providing a semblance of global governance in a world without a formal government. The best-known example of such a concert was established in the early nineteenth century, and those who argued that a similar concert could be established after the [[Cold War]] have used this as a basis for their claims." IRKeyConcepts, p. 48.
"The Concert system arose out of the deliberations at the [[Congress of Vienna (1815)]] in 1815. It refers to the //ad hoc// system of conferences held by the major powers to regulate diplmatic crises in Europe between 1815 and 1854. Although it had no formal institutional structure its purpose was overtly managerial -- to control, through mutual consultation, the [[Balance of Power]] in post-Napoleonic Europe. The settlement at Vienna and the concept of [[Conference Diplomacy]] which it inaugurated, remained the basis for international conduct throughout the nineteenth century, even thought the Concert system as such was ended by the Crimean War. In this sense, it was the world's first deliverately contrived [[Security]] [[Regime]]... A number of factors contributed to it's 'successful' operation (in the sense that there were no wars between the great powers for forty years):
1 There was a reasonably even distribution of [[Power]] at the end of the [[Napoleonic War]]. Members of this great power club (Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia, France, and later joined by Italy and Turkey) were percieved to be roughly equal in military capability and diplomatic importance.
2 There was a common realization that the politics of untutored [[Balance of Power]] led to great power confrontation, therefore concerted action was needed to avert the danger.
3 Great power collaboration in bringing down Napoleonic France had the spillover effect of maintaining a unified front after the period of conflict was over. Emphasis on great power unity reinforced the conception of the European great powers as a special group with special responsibilities and privileges.
4 Meetings were confined to the great powers themselves. Sometimes lesser states were consulted, but never on the basis of [[Equality]]. (This practice of according special status to the great powers was to reappear in both the [[League of Nations]] and the [[United Nations]].)
5 It did not challenge the ultimate [[Sovereignty]] of [[Nation State]]s. The unanimity rule was preferred, so that if vital [[National Interest]]s were affected the system remained inactive.
6 It was not a vehicle for reform; its purpose was to manage and maintain the status quo.
7 It did not seek to eradicate conflict, simply to manage it.
8 Despite great ideological differences between the powers -- the three Eastern powers were [[Conservative]] and counter-revolutionary, and the Western states were more [[Liberal]] in outlook -- they all shared assumptions about the need to keep 'the public law of Europe' and to establish a responsible code of international behaviour." DicIR pp. 90-1.
IRKeyConcepts, pp. 48-50.
DicIR, //Concert System//, pp. 90-1.
A concept of Liberalism. The way in which states or international insistutions impose conditions upon developing countries in advance of distributing economic benefits.
"American political strategy for resisting perceived Soviet expansion, first publicly espoused by an American diplomat, George Kennan, in 1947. Containment became a powerful factor in American policy toward the Soviet Union for the next forty years" GoWP, p. 77.
One of the historical [[Approaches to Political Theory]] that takes an idea like an archaeological artefact and studies it within the historical, social, political, and economic circumstances that it developed in.
A more optimistic branch of Neo-Realism, or [[Structural Realism]].
Contingent realists see more opportunity for cooperation within the [[International System]], and reject the following elements of Neo-Realism:
* The competition bias, [[Self Help]] does not require perpetual competition that results in [[War]].
* The neo-realist emphasis of relative gains. States can be satisfied with relative parity rather than maximizing security interests, leading to war.
* The overstatment of cheating. If states look at [[Arms Race]]s as a similar problem to cheating, they may decide not to treat cheating as an absolute issue.
An argument and theory that carries a lot of ethical [[Individualism]]. It explains the origin of the state as being an agreement by its citizens to the government.
These are when one behaviour is beneficial for one set of actors in the short run, but different or even opposite in the long run, and form a [[Crisis]]
For example: ''The Crisis of Underconsumption'':
In the short term it is in the best interests for the capitalists to maximize profits by driving down wages of their workers. These workers, however, are quite likely consumers at the same time who have just had their potential buying power cut, and can no longer afford the product, so the Capitalists end up with stock they cannot sell.
The term that denotes the central power in [[World System Theory]], as opposed to [[Periphery]].
A model of [[World System Theory]] developed by [[Lenin]] that states that the political/social/economic world is divided (both nationally and internationally alike) into two tiers: core and periphery.
The core it the highly developed, wealthy, high wage, capitalist (replacement for the [[Marx]]'s [[Bourgeoisie]] class) dominates and exploits the periphery (an evolution of Marx's [[Proletariat]]),: less developed, poor, low wage earning underclass.
[[Wallerstein]] added an intermediate "semi-periphery" to this model, to represent those who have characteristic of both tiers.
Where international organizations, transnational corporations, global markets, etc. are accountable to the people of the world.
A concept of Liberalism. Associated with David [[Held]], and other Neo-Idealism school, a cosmopolitan model of democracy requires the following: the creation of regional parliaments and the extension of the autority of such regional bodies (like the European Union) which are already in existence; human rights conventions must be entrenched in national parliaments and monitored by a new International Court of Human Rights; the UN must be replaced with a genuinely democratic and accountable global parliament.
The following courses have had influence on this Tiddlywiki.
Athabasca University:
<<tag GLST230>> Global Studies 230, Globalization and World Politics
University of London, External Programme: Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences.
<<tag 11IntroIR>> 11 Introduction to International Relations
<<tag 130PoliPhilo>> 130 Introduction to Modern Political Thought.
Birkbeck College, University of London
<<tag DaSS>> Data Analysis and Statistics for Social Policy
<<tag SocPolicy>> Social Policy
Canadian scholar of [[Gramscianism]] and a leading thinker of [[Critical Theory]].
Reaction to the end of the [[Cold War]] was dismissal. He says that the real fundamental shifts in policy happened in the 1970s after the financial crises and the shift from [[Keynesian Economics]] to Neo-Liberalism in economic policy. The policies and structures of the world essentially remained the same after the [[Cold War]], there was no fundamental alteration in thinking. The resulting world order, resulting from the 1970s economic shifts are far from stable, as the difference between the haves and have-nots opens up, the opportunity for movements of [[Emancipation]] (though it may not take the forms of [[Marxism]]).
Wrote:
"Social Forces, States, and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory". 1981.
A set of unique issues that only happen once to an economic world system, when the [[Cyclical Rhythms]], the [[Secular Trends]], and the [[Contradiction]]s combine so that the economic world system cannot sustain itself and must be replaced by a new system.
* [[Wallerstein]] feels that when crisis is happening, the actors within the world system have the most amount of freedom. If the system were working properly, the behaviour of the actors is dictated by the nature of the structure. When it is not functioning properly, the actors are determining the structure. As we have today.
Critical theory has been a part of many other academic subjects, even political philosophy. Only recently has it had dedicated scholarship in International Relations.
Critical Theory was developed by the [[Frankfurt School]] in the 1920s and 1930s. The most important pioneer of Critical Theory was the German Jurgen [[Habermas]]. The unique perspective of this branch of International Relations is that it is not as interested in economics, and is more interested in culture, bureaucracy and the social basis and nature of authoritarianism. [[Frankfurt School]] theorists were innovative in their look at the media and "culture industry". Critical Theorists see the working class has been absorbed by the system and are no longer capable of standing up to it, they are unable to consider an alternative. They look at [[Emancipation]] and see two themes in it:
* They first thought [[Emancipation]] would come as a ''reconciliation with nature'', or man would achieve ''ecological enlightenment''.
* Then they thought communication was the key. Development of the ideas of [[Radical Democracy]].
[[Habermas]] says there are three "knowledge-constitutive interests" of social existance:
1) Technical cognitive interests, motivated by our material needs in existence, and leads to prediction and control of our habitat and environment.
2) Practical cognitive interests, generated by the desire to learn and understand. This develops language and actions, and concerns the meaning of symbols and norms.
3) Emancipatory cognitive interests, which come from our ability for reflective reason. Through reflection we can see ourselves as constrained potential, caught in the power struggles of society. So we struggle to be free (IRKeyConcepts p. 59).
''Robert [[Cox]]'' focuses on the relationship between knowledge and interests. To him [[Reflexivity]] is important, theory must be able to scrutinize itself. He puts together two purpose dependent perspectives of theory:
1) Problem-solving theory: which serves as a guide to solving solutions within the theory's own perspective and framework.
2) Critical theory: which reflect upon the basis presumptions of the theory itself. Critical theory examines the framework of the world order and questions the various structures and institutions that make it up. Seeing history as a continual process of change, critical theory looks to discover which elements of the international system are fundamental, and which are a product of the age.
''Andrew [[Linklater]]:''
* Capitalized on [[Habermas]]' work and argued that [[Emancipation]] should be the expansion of moral boundaries of a political community, the borders of the [[Sovereign]] state lose their ethical and moral significance.
* Since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, ethics have remained within the boundaries of the state borders.
* These borders should become less and less important as the concepts of citizenship extends to everyone, everywhere, regardless of state borders.
It is important to distinguish between critical theory and [[Postmodernism]]. Critical theory is trying to find a way to overcome differences through rational arguement, toward a progression of human potential. Postmodernists feel that ethical and moral progress is arbitrary and this idea of progress has lead to the exclusion of groups and ideas.
IRKeyConcepts pp. 59-61
The capitalist world economy goes through systems of expansion and contraction, also called boom and bust. These trends do not return the system to where it started. The cycles result in [[Secular Trends]].
The Debt Crisis occurred in the early 1980s. During the 1970s, international financial markets and oil producing nations were dumping money into the developing world in the form of cheap loans. In 1979, rising interest rates made it impossible for these developing nations to pay back these loans. The [[IMF]] changed its role to assist, by recommending several Neo-Liberalism policies as [[Structural Adjustments]]. This spread of Neo-Liberalism has been seen by some to be imposed upon these developing nations, and is known as the [[Washington Consensus]].
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The strategy adopted by leading Western states and institutions - particularly the US - to use instruments of foreign policy to spread liberal values. Advocates make an explicit linkage between the mutually reinforcing effects of democratisation and open markets.
A central plank of liberal internationalist thought, the democratic peace thesis holds that war has become unthinkable between liberal states.
A look at the structures of power that exist between the developed industrialized nations (North) and the undeveloped "south". The dependistas of the "Latin American School" put forward this idea that rejects [[Modernization Theory]] as well as [[Marxism]]'s view that the revolution would begin with the spread of [[Capitalism]].
The Dependistas developed the [[Core-Periphery Model]] to explain how wealth is sucked out of undeveloped nations (periphery) to the developed (core) nations.
Dependency theory has largely been discredited since it was first posed, both by emerging newly industrialized nations and by Marxist theory. However, the [[Core-Periphery Model]] has become an important concept for Liberal thinkers. Dependency theory can still be used to understand certain arrangements between nations, but not as a universal concept between the North and South nations.
IRKeyConcepts pp. 71-72
Latin American scholars who developed on [[Dependency Theory]] and [[Structuralism]].
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"Relaxation of tension between East and West; Soviet-American //detente// lasted from the late 1960s to the late 1970s, and was characterized by negotiations and nuclear arms control agreements" GoWP, p. 77.
Evans, Graham and Newnham, Jeffrey. The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations. London: Penguin Books, 1998.
In [[Shelfari|http://www.shelfari.com/carsonspost/shelf]].
The following tiddlers cite this work:
McLean, Iain and McMillan, Alistair. Oxford Concise Dictionary of Politics. Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
In [[Shelfari|http://www.shelfari.com/carsonspost/shelf]].
The following tiddlers cite this work:
"Diplomacy in world politics refers to a communications process between international actors that seeks through negotiation to resolve conflict short of [[War]]. The process has been refined, institutionalised and professionalised over many centuries." GoWP, p. 318.
Diplomacy has many varied definitions and contexts, but is associated with [[Foreign Policy]]. It refers to
* the ''process of communication'' between states,
* the ''discussion and negotiation to resolve conflict'' that happens, it is the lower level of conflict internationally, where the higher level would be [[War]].
* it is a ''instrument of [[Foreign Policy]]'' rather than a process.
There are several different types of diplomacy:
* ''Traditional diplomacy'', which is institutionalised in structure, with protocol, procedure, and commands a professional, permanent diplomatic service.
* ''New Diplomacy'' evolves out of the traditional kind, including more public scrutiny and control as the [[International System]] has modernized. States are no longer the only actor in the [[International System]], and supranational organisations like the [[United Nations]] are a fundamental part of the new diplomacy, as are TNCs and NGOs. As markets and [[Globalization]] link more nations together, politics gets split into [[High Politics]] and [[Low Politics]] (traditional politics, and the politics of social welfare and the economy, respectively), the concern of each nation also extends beyond its borders, and the new diplomacy has developed 'policeman states', where a hegemon keeps order over other nations.
* ''Cold War Diplomacy'', this refers to the specific, unique aspects of diplomacy that appeared between 1945 and 1989. Diplomats had the new challenge of avoiding global [[Nuclear War]] between [[Superpower]]s.
* ''Nuclear Diplomacy'', a branch of Cold War diplomacy that refers to the interaction of and between states with nuclear weapons; like [[Deterrence]] and Coercive Diplomacy.
* ''Crisis Diplomacy'', the communications and negotiations involved in a crisis.
* ''Summit Diplomacy'', the use of meetings, or 'summits', between heads of state to resolve major problems.
!Definition
In insurance - when companies require information from the insured to decide premiums and coverage - such as medical or financial history, occupation, etc.
A way for Insurance companies to combat [[Adverse Selection]].
Social policies aim to counter adverse selection and discrimination by implementing mandatory cover, or anti-discrimination legislation - or by supporting the service through public/state provision.
The idea that domestic politics can be made to work on an International level.
The realist idea that the state and the citizen have different moral standards. The state, existing in [[Anarchy]] is the moral end, and required to do what it takes to survive. The citizen, under the authority of the state, has more moral obligations to obey laws etc.
A boom in the natural resource economy causes the currency to strengthen, making non-resource (ie manufacturing) industries less profitable. The name comes from the boom that happened in Holland's North Sea gas fields in the 1960s. The dynamic effect is the long term loss in growth resulting from the specialization in the natural resource at the expense of the better opportunities created by manufacturing productivity growth.
To free yourself from within
"A state which possesses both a home territory and foreign territories: an imperial state." GoWP, p. 36.
Conditions where warfare is a recurrent feature of the relations between states, usually because they see it inevitable.
Associated with rationalist thinkers of the eighteenth century. Key ideas (which some would argue remain mottoes for our age) include: secularism, progress, reason, science, knowledge, and freedom. The motto of the Enlightenment is 'Sapere aude! Have courage to use your own understanding' (Reisee 1991:54).
[[Realism]]'s top ethic. It is the belief that positive outcomes may occur from amoral actions.
A group of an [[Ethnicity]].
"...common consciousness of shared origins and traditions." DicPol p. 177.
Developed out of [[Christian International Society]] in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This period is marked by the evolution away from the church, toward [[Nationalism]], and the maturity of the [[Nation State]] as a political unit. Natural law gives way to [[International Law]]. The basis of [[Society]] first from a common Christian identity to that of a common European identity.
Prior to the [[Revolution]]s in France and the United States, the [[Principle of International Legitimacy]], the fundamental element of state, was the dynastic monarchy. The [[Monarchy]] controlled the powers of state, membership of states, the organisation of [[Sovereignty]]. After these to revolutions, the it became popular; of the people. What was essentially the transfer of territory between the powerful families that held them, became based on the people's [[Self-Determination]] and from then the [[Nation State]] as a concept became more powerful.
From here we lead into the twentieth century when [[International Society]] expands globally to become a [[World International Society]].
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"External sovereignty refers to the extent to which a state [has [[Recognition]]] by other states as the legitimate authority within its borders."
* Article [[Resilience of the State]], p. 42
"Arises when one government attempts to exercise its legal authority in the [[Territory]] of another [[State]]. It mainly arises when the US federal government deliberately tries to use domestic law to control the global activities of the TNCs." GoWP, p. 362.
A state that which has collapsed and cannot govern effectively or provide for its citizens without substantial external support. The [[Sovereignty]] of the state is compromised so that the government is no longer legitimate. It cannot:
* maintain control of it's [[Territory]] and borders,
* provide essential services or keep infrastructure for it's people,
* maintain [[Law]] and [[Order]],
* is lacking in [[Stability]].
Failed states are often in the midst of [[Civil War]], and/or elements and areas are controlled by warlords, religious extremists, armed gangs or criminals. Failed states result in suffering of civilian populations, and expand internationally as refugees, conflict and instability spread from within the borders.
Historical reasons for states failing have been:
* ''Decolonization'' and the process thereof. Strategies implemented by colonial powers to keep colonial states in line fall apart. Or the imperial state has not effectively solved the transfer of domestic power for after their departure. Each of these has led to state collapsing, especially in Africa.
* ''Democratisation'' and that process. As the iron grip of an autocratic government is released into more democratic forms, the process can be very unstable, as power vacuums open.
* ''Mismanagement and Corruption''.
* ''Globalization and the Capitalist System''. The state becomes swamped in debt and does not have the resources to maintain control.
IRKeyConcepts, pp. 105-6.
A movement and study of women, not as objects, but as subjects of knowledge. Until the 1980s the role of women and gender in International Relations had been overlooked. It is a large umbrella term of [[Critical Theory]], that contains many schools and variations. Two important schools of feminism:
''Feminist empiricism'' describes the roles of women within the existing International Relations framework. It goes to show how stable diplomatic and military communities have been the responsibility of women, as wives, girlfriends, prostitutes. For example: Philippine women working abroad as domestic servants contribute more to the Philippine economy in remittances than the national sugar and mining industries do.
''Standpoint feminism'' deconstructs all major texts in International Relations to expose its gender bias. The aim is to develop knowledge based on the material conditions of women's experiences, giving us a more complete picture of oppression. Standpoint feminists feel that traditions of [[Realism]] and [[Liberalism]] are overtly masculine concepts, with their emphasis on autonomy, independence, and power. How these schools of thought look at [[Security]], progress, and interstate behaviour is of a masculine point of view.
Feminist empiricism is focused on the roles of women within International Relations, standpoint feminism shows how engendered the discipline is.
IRKeyConcepts pp. 107-8
When creditors, expecting a crash in a market, rush to remove their capital, thereby creating the crash.
The bloody and awful [[Total War]] of 1914-1918 broke out when the [[Balance of Power]] was upset in Europe. Most felt the Germans were responsible, however some felt the [[International System]] itself had broken down. Thus started the academic focus of International Relations, as many scholars in Britain and the US tried to prevent a similar war from happening. The result was the institutional belief in [[Liberal Internationalism]], Woodrow Wilson's [[14 Points]].
The end of the war was organized in the landmark [[Treaty of Versailles (1919)]] which was an attempt at creating institutions and systems (such as the [[League of Nations]]) that would prevent such a war ever happening again.
Foreign Policy can refer to several things:
* It can be the objectives of the [[Nation State]] outside it's borders. These objectives can range from the abstract, as in national prestige, or the concrete: power balances, or disputes over territory.
* Foreign policy can also refer to the principles of the state acting on the international arena. These principles can range from the fundamental, such as [[Self-Determination]], to more [[Normative]] concepts of aligning with [[International Law]].
* It can also be the means and methods that states employ to achieve their goals internationally, from coercive to diplomatic, etc.
* Foreign policy also refers to the series of positions and strategies in action in the pursuit of an international objective.
SoISociety, p 124-5.
"[[Virtu]] and Fortuna are terms pivotal to Machiavelli's thought since together they comprise the polarities of, and the framework for, all human experience. His belief that //fortuna// controls half our lives and the need to display [[Virtu]] as a countervailing force has important political and moral implications. It raises questions about political virtue - the kind of behaviour necessary for political success and about what kind of government best sustains virtu and vice versa." IMPPhilo p. 29.
A school of [[Critical Theory]] in [[Marxist Theory]].
They were a group of left wing German Jews who were pioneering the use of [[Critical Theory]] in International Relations in the 1920s and 1930s. They were all forced into exile in the US.
The first wave included: Max [[Horkheimer]], Theodor [[Adorno]], and Herbert [[Marcuse]].
The second bunch were lead by: Jurgen [[Habermas]].
This is what free trade is about
Author of the [[End of History| http://pdftohtml.markoer.org/pdf2html.php?url=http://www.marion.ohio-state.edu/fac/vsteffel/web597/Fukuyama_history.pdf]] thesis, which refers to the Liberal triumph over other ideologies. In essay to the New York Times magazine, Fukuyama likens his beliefs as a sort of [[Marxism]]: "'The End of History,' in other words, presented a kind of Marxist argument for the existence of a long-term process of social evolution, but one that terminates in liberal democracy rather than communism" [[New York Times Magazine| http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/magazine/neo.html?pagewanted=4&ei=5090&en=4126fa38fefd80de&ex=1298005200&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss]]. To Fukuyama, the market system is inevitable, and variations of Democracy that are the structural support to it.
General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs, a free trade arrangement developed after WWII along with the United Nations. Was superseded by the [[WTO]] in 1995.
GDLP: Global Division of Labour and Power.
"The GDLP is the anatomy of the global [[Political Economy|International Political Economy]]. Its parts are a spatial reorganisation of production among world regions, large scale flows of migration among and within them, complex webs of networks that connect production processes and buyers and sellers, and the emergence of transnational cultural structures that mediate among the processes." GlobalSyndrome, p. ?.
Athabasca University
Global Studies 230
Taken from May to November 2006.
The following tiddlers have notes from this course:
"Policy of greater openness pursued by Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985, involving greater toleration of internal dissent and criticism" GoWP, p. 77.
"The rules, values, and norms which govern the global society of states" GoWP, p. 36.
Mittelman, James H. //The Globalization Syndrome, Transformation and Resistance//. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
In [[Shelfari|http://www.shelfari.com/carsonspost/shelf]].
"Globalization and deglobalization refer to the increase or decline of globalism." [[Globalization: Whats New?]]
"The process whereby state-centric agencies and terms of reference are dissolved in favour of a structure of relations between different actors operating in a context which is truly global rather than merely international." DicIR, p. 201.
"A term that refers to the acceleration and intensification of mechanisms, processes, and activities that are allegedly promoting global [[Interdependence]] and perhaps, ultimately, global political and economic [[Integration]]. It is, therefore, a revolutionary concept, involving the //deterritorialisation// of social, political, economic, and cultural life. It would be a mistake, however, to view globalisation deterministically. Just as there are powerful forces of integration at work through the shrinkage of distance on a global scale, so there are forces of disintegration as well." IRKeyConcepts, pp. 126-7.
"As experienced from below, the dominant form of globalization means a historical transformation: in the economoy, of livelihoods and modes of existence; in politics, a loss in the degree of control exercised locally -- for some, however little to begin with -- such that the locus of power gradually shifts in varying proportions above and below the territorial state; and in culture, a devaluation of a collectivity's achievements or perceptions of them. This structure, in turn, may engender eiher accommodation or resistance." Thesis, //[[The Globalization Syndrome]]//, p. 6.
IRKeyConcepts, pp. 126-9.
DicIR, pp. 201-2.
DicPol, pp. 222-5.
* Globalization is a word that gets used a lot now, like Interdependence in the 1970s
* Globalization refers to the increasing of Globalism
* Globalization is a type of Interdependence, but isn't Interdependence; which can be a regional or even municipal concept, Globalism must have Global proportions.
* Globalism refers to more than one relationship, it is the series of relationships.
There are several forms of Globalism, not just economic:
* Economic globalism is the long-distance flows of goods, services, capital, information and perceptions of market exchange. Organization processes are linked to these flows.
* Military globalism is the long-distance networks of [[Interdependence]] in which force, and the threat or promise of force, is employed.
* Enviromental globalism refers to the long-distance transport of materials in the atmosphere or oceans, or of biological substances such as pathogens or genetic materials, that affect human health and wellbeing.
* Social and cultural globalism involves the movement of ideas, information, images, and people.
* The key difference between the [[Interdependence]] of the 1970s and today is the participation channels and contact between societies. The fall in cost of communications has allowed everyone to communicate, in real time over the globe.
Historically globalism has expanded and contracted, or Globalized and de-globalized. Therefore it is better to look at how "thick" or "thin" globalism is at any time.
"Globalization" is the process by which globalism becomes increasingly "thick"
The "thickening" of Globalism is followed by the rise of three concepts:
# Density of networks
# "[[Institutional Velocity]]"
# Transnational participation
Density of Networks
[[Network Effects]] and systematic relationships have become more important with increased ("thicker") Globalism. As economic interdependence intensifies, so does the social and enviromental interdependence. The awareness of these connections therefore affect economic relationships. The thickness of globalism means the density of networks of interdependence. The higher density of networks mean that networks intersect more often and more profoundly. Therefore, the effects of one set of conditions in one geographic area trigger a different set of conditions (seemingly unrelated) in a different geographic region. Events, no matter how small, become catalysts that have consiquences elsewhere in space and time (ie effects of East Asian crisis on London markets)
* The result is pervasive uncertainty.
* Globalism is affected by and affects governance
* This uncertainty is an instablity, this system my be unsustainable.
[[Institutional Velocity]]
The speed and breadth of information flows requre markets to react faster than ever before. Information diffuses immediately, and capital can be shipped globally instantly. The velocity of information, the [[Message Velocity]], has not changed remarkably since the invention of the telegraph. However, the [[Institutional Velocity]] has grown with the thickening of globalism: the system and the units within the system evolve much more rapidly with the diffusion of information, the message hits faster and effects the system sooner. The speed of the message is not what is important, it is the speed diffusion along interconnections and networks and the speed of the message's effects.
Transnational Participation
The reduced cost of communications, along with the increase in participating actors has resulted in an increase in "[[Complex Interdependence]]", based on three ideas:
# Multiple channels between societies with multiple actors and not just states
# Multiple issues, not arranged in a clear hierarchy
# The irrelevance of the use/threat of force among states linked by complex interdependence.
The development of the past few years has been the increased channels of communications, that has allowed the cost of global communications to fall. The expansion of channels of contact has allowed media and NGOs to expand a new dimension of complex interdependence, that of multiple issues connecting societies. More issues are discussed on an increasingly connected transnational scale.
Now, the state isn't the only actor on the global scale, but so are TNCs, NGOs, and all acting in complex [[Interdependence]].
Baylis, John and Smith, Steve. //The Globalization of World Politics//. Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
In [[Shelfari|http://www.shelfari.com/carsonspost/shelf]].
The following tiddlers reference this work:
Basing currency exchange on the price of gold.
Leader of the USSR whose "[[New Thinking]]" economic and policy reforms lead to the dissolution of the USSR, [[Warsaw Pact]] and the end of the [[Cold War]].
Antonio Gransci (1891-1937)
Sardinian, and one of the founders of the Italian Communist Party.
Imprisoned by Mussolini in 1926 for his political beliefs, and remained so for the rest of his life.
His book //Prision Notebooks// was written while imprisoned.
While previous Marxist viewed the powerful maintaining [[Hegemony]] though coercion, Gramsci saw the industrialized nations maintaining power through ''consent''.
* The moral, political and cultural values of the elite get dispersed through society and are accepted by the subordinate groups, and remain so powerful they are unquestioned common sense.
* The elite use ''Civil Society'' to do this, a network of semi-autonomous institutions where individuals organize, represent and express themselves through. Examples are: the media, churches, voluntary organizations, etc.
The [[Base-Superstructure Model]] weighs heavily in this: the base may control the superstructure, but the superstructure controls how much change the base can incorporate. Therefore they must be a mutually reinforcing. This also means the analysis is not only economic, but stretches across the spectrum of society.
Gramsci thought the only way that the dominance of the hegemonic elite could only be challenged by counter-hegemony within civil society.
Robert [[Cox]]:
"Theory is always //for //someone, and //for //some purpose."
* If every position is linked with ideology or value sets, then knowledge reflects a context: a time and space. That means there knowledge cannot be objective.
Cox sees two approaches to theory:
* [[Problem Solving Theory]], which works within the parameters of the society of the time and place
* [[Critical Theory]], which seeks to challenge the current order with analysis that develops social processes that lead to [[Emancipation]].
The global economic collapse that started in 1929.
The Following tiddlers are about great people
"The emerging idea of international law was spelled out by Hugo Grotius, a Dutch Protestant diplomat and philosopher, whose //Laws of War and Peace// (1625) provided the intellectual foundation for the subject tat was enormously influential and is still regarded as a founding text. Grotius hoped to restrict war and expand peace by clarifying standards of conduct which were insulated against all religious doctrines and could therefore govern the relations of all independent states, Protestant and Catholic alike." GoWP, Box 2.6, p. 43.
Rights said to belong to groups rather than individuals. (ie indigenous people, ethnic groups, etc.)
An heir to the [[Frankfurt School]] of [[Critical Theory]] in [[Marxist Theory]].
Regarded by many as one of the most influential social thinkers of his time.
He was behind the idea of [[Radical Democracy]].
In Realism, an arguement that a single dominant state is required to oversee liberal free trade and international political economics.
The politcal and economic influence and dominance of a region or the International system by a power, particularly a [[Superpower]]. Can range from leadership to dominance.
The first positive instance of [[International Society]] can be found in Ancient Greece. City-states, called //polis// were the individual political units. They were held together by a common culture, and though there was nothing similar to [[International Law]], their relations were based on a cultural-religious foundation (as opposed to political-legal foundations of the modern world order). Treaties were overseen by Zeus, for example. There was also no concept of equal [[Sovereignty]] as there is today. Some states (such as Athens) were more "sovereign" than others (Melios).
The [[International Order]] held in Hellenic Greece was crushed by the [[Imperialism]] of Macedonia under Philip and Alexander. The [[World Order]] became one of [[Empire]], as the Hellenistic age, then Roman Empire dominated Europe until the beginnings of [[Renaissance Italy]].
One of the historical [[Approaches to Political Theory]] that looka at the direct meaning of the argument and what it meant to the people it was developed for. The theory's meaning is defined by its use, and the ideas were answers to questions of the age. This makes the hermeneutic approach a study of the patterns of ideas, the actions and reactions of political thinking at any time.
/***
|Name:|HideWhenPlugin|
|Description:|Allows conditional inclusion/exclusion in templates|
|Version:|3.1 ($Rev: 3919 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2008-03-13 02:03:12 +1000 (Thu, 13 Mar 2008) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#HideWhenPlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
For use in ViewTemplate and EditTemplate. Example usage:
{{{<div macro="showWhenTagged Task">[[TaskToolbar]]</div>}}}
{{{<div macro="showWhen tiddler.modifier == 'BartSimpson'"><img src="bart.gif"/></div>}}}
***/
//{{{
window.hideWhenLastTest = false;
window.removeElementWhen = function(test,place) {
window.hideWhenLastTest = test;
if (test) {
removeChildren(place);
place.parentNode.removeChild(place);
}
};
merge(config.macros,{
hideWhen: { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( eval(paramString), place);
}},
showWhen: { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( !eval(paramString), place);
}},
hideWhenTagged: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( tiddler.tags.containsAll(params), place);
}},
showWhenTagged: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( !tiddler.tags.containsAll(params), place);
}},
hideWhenTaggedAny: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
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}},
showWhenTaggedAny: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( !tiddler.tags.containsAny(params), place);
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hideWhenTaggedAll: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( tiddler.tags.containsAll(params), place);
}},
showWhenTaggedAll: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( !tiddler.tags.containsAll(params), place);
}},
hideWhenExists: { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( store.tiddlerExists(params[0]) || store.isShadowTiddler(params[0]), place);
}},
showWhenExists: { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( !(store.tiddlerExists(params[0]) || store.isShadowTiddler(params[0])), place);
}},
hideWhenTitleIs: { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( tiddler.title == params[0], place);
}},
showWhenTitleIs: { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( tiddler.title != params[0], place);
}},
'else': { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
removeElementWhen( !window.hideWhenLastTest, place);
}}
});
//}}}
Historical or Practical Realism
"Political realism recognises that principles are subordinated to policies; the ultimate skill of the state leader is to accept, and adapt to, the changing power political configurations in world politics." GWP p. 149
The following Tiddlers are of historical events.
Thomas Hobbes, (1566-1679). Born to a poor west country family. Rich uncles sends him to Oxford, and after he becomes secretary and tutor for the wealthy aristocratic Cavendish family. He travels France, meeting some of the age's most influential thinkers, including scientists. This contact with science made an impact on Hobbes, who was among the first to apply scientific thinking and process to social issues.
Wrote:
//The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic// (1640)
//De Cive// (1642)
//Leviathan// (1651)
[[Hobbes, Key Ideas]]
* [[Hobbes and State of Nature]]
* [[Hobbes and the Role of the Sovereign]]
* [[Hobbes and the Social Contract]]
Hobbes based his concepts of power and politics on [[Thucydides]]. Translates //The History of the Peloponnesian War//.
* People are selfish, only interested in improving their state in the world. Problem is that if everyone is interested in improving their state, this leads to conflict. Hobbes is a materialist, man driven by pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain.
* It is always rational to give up all your rights to a sovereign, because the alternative is war. The state of nature without government is war and fighting.
Elements of Law: important work by Hobbes.
Tries to rectify the balance between the state of nature of man, limitless appetite for power. Held in by power of sovereign.
Psycology of state of nature. Hobbes doesn't think of the will as we do. We see passions and will as separate, but Hobbes sees will as the extent of the passions. To act of will is to act on passions.
In Our Time 10:30
"Hobbes's basic argument can seem very simple. The most fundamental and overriding desire of each individual is for self-preservation. Considering mankind's 'natural condition'(or the 'state of nature'), removed from the constraints imposed by government and society, scarecity and competition must always be a feature of life. Even those whose desires are modest must strive endlessly in order to ensure their continued possession of the small amound that would satisfy them. There are no natural limit to what people may do to protect themselves. This lack of natural limit to the quest for power leads to continual conflict, 'a war of all against all', which is to the disadvantage of everyone.
"The means to escape from this natural condition should be apparent to all rational beings. What nature has failed directly to provide, man must create. 'Laws of nature' enjoin men to create and abide by artificial obligations, such as promises: if men are to live in peace they must agree limits to their conduct and abide by these. Of course, it is not quite so simple. For these obligations to protect individuals there must be geeral obedience to the agreed limits. The man who fails to grasp this will be easy prey for those who see that the maximum advantage can be gained where //they// continue to act completely free from constraint while //others// limit their actions. Here lies the problem: if there are no natural limits, then there are no natural reasons for abiding by artificial agreements. In this natural condition there can be no peace, because there can be no trust; and a lack of trust is no basis for relying on a promised peace. The only solution is to create an artificial power capable of enforcing these agreed limits. The only solution is the creation, by 'covenant', of a single, indivisible locus of power, the absolute sovereign." IMPPhilo, p. 42.
Hedley [[Bull's critique of Hobbes]].
In his //Elements of Law//, [[Hobbes]] explains three reasons for the state of war in the state of nature:
# The absence of a political authority and state of order. If we are all aggressive, we must all be aggressive in order to survive.
# Competition for the same goods.
# Egoism, where we all want to be heros and win. This point, however, is missing from the later-published //[[Leviathan]]//.
Thomas [[Hobbes]] lives during a time of great instability that stems from the divisions in religion that developed out of the [[Reformation]]. This important context, mixed with the rise of the natural sciences and the challenge to traditions and morality that came with it, leads Hobbes to argue for the absolute sovereign king.
To Hobbes, man requires a strong sovereign. In the absence of such, man would create one in order to keep stability.
"''[[Absolutism]]'': unconditional and unified sovereign authority; no collective right of resistance.
''Egoism'': individuals are motivated by self-interest.
''Political obligation'': individuals relinquish natural rights with the exception of the right to self-preservation.
''Law'': equated with the will of the sovereign.
''The Social Contract'': a contract between subjects establishing absolute government.
''Sovereignty'': absolute, with a preference for monarchy.
''The state of nature'': war of all against all in which life would be 'solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short'."
From PoliThinkers, p. 164.
There are four ways TNCs can lobby foreign governments:
# Indirectly, by lobbying the government in the TNCs own country to pressure the foreign government.
# Indirectly, by raising a policy issue to international organisations
# Directly, at home through the country's diplomatic embassy
# Directly, through the governments ministries.
"...refers to (forcible) action by one state or a group of states in the territory of another state without consent of the latter, undertaken on humanityarian grounds or in order to restore constitutional governance." IRKeyConcepts p. 145.
Humanitarian intervention is very different from humanitarian aid, as the consent of the state is not given.
Until the 1990s it was considered unlawful and is forbidden by the UN Charter, as it undermines state [[Sovereignty]]. It is this respect for sovereignty that [[International Law]] and the [[United Nations]] rest upon. There were actions of humanitarian intervention (Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia to remove Pol Pot is a clear example), but they were done under the justification of "self-defence". With the post-[[Cold War]] increase in human rights violations (Yugoslavia, sub-Saharan Africa) it became a more prominent and accepted concept.
The problems with humanitarian intervention are:
* Though it undermines state [[Sovereignty]], it is not as clear cut. Intervention is not the same as conquest (as in Imperial powers in Africa) or [[War]] (as in Hitler's invasion of Poland). It is a short exercise of force that results in re-instating legitimate governments. Because of it is supposed to be so //short// it cannot truly resolve the source of the problem.
* Who should undertake such an action? States will not incur the risk and cost unless there is an element of [[National Interest]] involved (hence the lack of intervention in the 1994 Rwanda genocide, there was nothing to gain, opposed to the "Humanitarian Intervention" component in justifying the 2003 invasion of Iraq).
* Humanitarian intervention is intended to remedy violations of [[Human Rights]]. The concept and definition of what constitute [[Human Rights]] is slippery and culturally contextual, it is not an objective idea.
IRKeyConcepts pp. 145-8
Samuel P. Huntington produced his famed [[Clash of Civilizations| http://history.club.fatih.edu.tr/103%20Huntington%20Clash%20of%20Civilizations%20full%20text.htm]] in 1993, publishing the book in 1996. The Amero-centric [[realist|Realism]] concept says that the next fault lines in global conflict will not be over economics, territory, or ideology but over culture and identity. It has been discredited by many and is thought by some to be inventing a useful enemy for American interests and policy.
International Monetary Fund. Created as a part of the [[Bretton Woods]] system after WWII. It's original purpose was to monitor exchange rates in the fixed exchanged system created by Bretton Woods. All currencies were fixed to the US dollar, which was fixed to gold. This lasted until the early 1970s when the US released itself from the [[Gold Standard]] and other currencies floated as well. With the [[Debt Crisis]] of the early 1980s, the IMF's role changed. It promoted Neo-Liberalism among developing nations in the form of [[Structural Adjustments]] to their debt ridden economies. This has been known as the [[Washington Consensus]].
Edwards, Alistair and Townshend, Jules (Editors). //Interpreting Modern Political Philosophy; From Machiavelli to Marx.// New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
Checked out of Croydon Public Library.
* This section is still a bit crazy. It will soon be structured a bit better in that it will have threads that follow a line of thinking, say //International Society// or //Realism//, and post about the discussions thereof. However, that is a side project for procrastination moments. Right now I have to study, which means adding more content.
For a thread that follows a pattern of thinking, try the tree of tiddlers that flows from the AnarchSociety tiddler, which is the book //The Anarchical Society// by Hedley [[Bull]], the key text of [[The English School]] of International Relations, and is focused on concept of seeing the world order in the light of an [[International Society]].
Another good start point is the [[Theories of International Relations]] tiddler.
Griffiths, Martin and O'Callaghan, Terry. International Relations; The Key Concepts. London: Routledge, 2002.
Idealism is a variant of [[Liberal Internationalism]].
"Sometimes called 'utopianism', and with less accuracy, '[[Rationalism]]' or '[[Liberalism]]', it refers to an approach to international relations that stresses the importance of moral values, legal norms, internationalism and harmony of interests as guides to [[Foreign Policy]]-making rather than considerations of [[National Interest]], [[Power]] and independent state [[Survival]] within a multi-state decentralized system." DicIR p. 235.
The basic belief that ideas form the basis of international politics and that ideas can change. Does not place much importance on power politics and the limits that power politics have on ideas.
Key Idealists are Woodrow [[Wilson]], J.A. [[Hobson]].
With the outbreak of World War I, Liberal thinking recognised that peace was not a natural condition of International Relations but one that had to be constructed. Idealists seek to apply liberal thinking in domestic politics to international relations, in other words, institutionalize the rule of law. This reasoning is known as the [[Domestic Analogy]]. Woodrow [[Wilson]], in the [[14 Points]] speech to Congress, presented the idea of a "general association of nations", which later became the League of Nations. The basis of the League of Nations was the idea of [[Collective Security]].
According to idealists in the early twentieth century, there were two principle requirements for a new world order. First: state leaders, intellectuals, and public opinion had to believe that progress was possible. Second: an international organization had to be created to facilitate peaceful change, disarmament, arbitration, and (where necessary) enforcement. The [[League of Nations]] was founded in 1920 but its collective security system failed to prevent the descent into world war in the 1930s.
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism_%28international_relations%29
IRKeyConcepts pp.148-50
One who follows the school of [[Idealism]]
A concept developed by Benedict Anderson, in his book //Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism// (1991).
IRKeyConcepts, pp. 150-2.
Any theory that recognises individuals is technically individualist, but that would include all theories. Aside from this, there are two important ways for theory to be individualist:
* Methodological individualism is when a theory sees the individual person as the smallest, most basic unit of the social theory. Every other political unit and social association (state, corporations, city, religion) is made up of ''individuals''.
* Ethical (or [[Normative]]) individualism sees the individual, and his/her rights, as the basic unit of moral importance.
One type of individualism does not imply the other.
/***
|Name:|InstantTimestampPlugin|
|Description:|A handy way to insert timestamps in your tiddler content|
|Version:|1.0.10 ($Rev: 3646 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2008-02-27 02:34:38 +1000 (Wed, 27 Feb 2008) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#InstantTimestampPlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
!!Usage
If you enter {ts} in your tiddler content (without the spaces) it will be replaced with a timestamp when you save the tiddler. Full list of formats:
* {ts} or {t} -> timestamp
* {ds} or {d} -> datestamp
* !ts or !t at start of line -> !!timestamp
* !ds or !d at start of line -> !!datestamp
(I added the extra ! since that's how I like it. Remove it from translations below if required)
!!Notes
* Change the timeFormat and dateFormat below to suit your preference.
* See also http://mptw2.tiddlyspot.com/#AutoCorrectPlugin
* You could invent other translations and add them to the translations array below.
***/
//{{{
config.InstantTimestamp = {
// adjust to suit
timeFormat: 'DD/0MM/YY 0hh:0mm',
dateFormat: 'DD/0MM/YY',
translations: [
[/^!ts?$/img, "'!!{{ts{'+now.formatString(config.InstantTimestamp.timeFormat)+'}}}'"],
[/^!ds?$/img, "'!!{{ds{'+now.formatString(config.InstantTimestamp.dateFormat)+'}}}'"],
// thanks Adapted Cat
[/\{ts?\}(?!\}\})/ig,"'{{ts{'+now.formatString(config.InstantTimestamp.timeFormat)+'}}}'"],
[/\{ds?\}(?!\}\})/ig,"'{{ds{'+now.formatString(config.InstantTimestamp.dateFormat)+'}}}'"]
],
excludeTags: [
"noAutoCorrect",
"noTimestamp",
"html",
"CSS",
"css",
"systemConfig",
"systemConfigDisabled",
"zsystemConfig",
"Plugins",
"Plugin",
"plugins",
"plugin",
"javascript",
"code",
"systemTheme",
"systemPalette"
],
excludeTiddlers: [
"StyleSheet",
"StyleSheetLayout",
"StyleSheetColors",
"StyleSheetPrint"
// more?
]
};
TiddlyWiki.prototype.saveTiddler_mptw_instanttimestamp = TiddlyWiki.prototype.saveTiddler;
TiddlyWiki.prototype.saveTiddler = function(title,newTitle,newBody,modifier,modified,tags,fields,clearChangeCount,created) {
tags = tags ? tags : []; // just in case tags is null
tags = (typeof(tags) == "string") ? tags.readBracketedList() : tags;
var conf = config.InstantTimestamp;
if ( !tags.containsAny(conf.excludeTags) && !conf.excludeTiddlers.contains(newTitle) ) {
var now = new Date();
var trans = conf.translations;
for (var i=0;i<trans.length;i++) {
newBody = newBody.replace(trans[i][0], eval(trans[i][1]));
}
}
// TODO: use apply() instead of naming all args?
return this.saveTiddler_mptw_instanttimestamp(title,newTitle,newBody,modifier,modified,tags,fields,clearChangeCount,created);
}
// you can override these in StyleSheet
setStylesheet(".ts,.ds { font-style:italic; }","instantTimestampStyles");
//}}}
The speed and breadth of information flows requre markets to react faster than ever before. Information diffuses immediately, and capital can be shipped globally instantly. The velocity of information, the Message Velocity, has not changed remarkably since the invention of the telegraph. However, the Institutional Velocity has grown with the thickening of globalism: the system and the units within the system evolve much more rapidly with the diffusion of information, the message hits faster and effects the system sooner. The speed of the message is not what is important, it is the speed diffusion along interconnections and networks and the speed of the message's effects.
!Insurance is a product which offers protection against risk.
This protection is found by //pooling risk//, individuals find protection against uncertainty by pooling capital together.
Therefore - insurance is based on the Law of Large Numbers - individual uncertainty spread over the entire market. 1 in 5 might get hit by lightning, so collect from all five, and pay out on the one.
!Potential [[Market Failure]] Within Insurance
* [[Adverse Selection]] - those who have more risk are more likely to purchase insurance than those who aren't.
If 1 in 5 might be hit by lightning, if only two of the five purchase insurance because they work on the tops of towers then the spread of insurance is too thin - the risk of payout too high.
* [[Discrimination]] - insurance combats adverse selection with discrimination, not insuring or pricing up those who need it most.
The insurance might refuse or over-price insurance premiums to mitigate risk of payout from Tower workers.
* [[Moral Hazard]] - insured allow higher element of risk due to confidence of insurance.
However, if insured the tower worker might decide to keep working in an electric storm, comforted by the knowledge of being insured.
* ''Third Party Payment problems'' - asymmetric information where third party and insured can extend services to insured beyond insurance and bill insurance company.
After being hit by lightning, the tower worker might collaborate with doctors to get extra treatment included in insurance that is not actually a part of the plan.
* ''Commitment issues'' - where long term insurance contracts cannot pay out because of business circumstances.
The insurance company spread too thin, and does not have the funds to pay out to tower workers after a large electrical storm forces them to go bust.
A process of ever closer union between states, in a regional or international context. The process often begins by co-operation to solve technical problems, referred to by [[Mitrany]] as [[Ramification]]. This process includes:
* increased cooperation between states,
* the shift of authority to [[International Law]] and [[Supranational Institutions]],
* the spread and homogenisation of values,
* the development of new forms of supranational political community and global [[Civil Society]].
Integration in international relations works on two levels.
# System-level, the transfer of political, economic, and legal [[Power]] from [[Nation State]] level to [[Supranational Institutions]], such as the [[United Nations]], and conformity to [[International Law]], resulting in increased [[Global Governance]].
# Regional-level, when states that are geographically close in proximity form political and economic unions, such as the [[European Union]] or NAFTA.
Integration is not new, but has varied forms. Prior to the twentieth century this process was done through [[Imperialism]] and [[War]]. After the [[Second World War]], integration was propelled by the [[Cold War]]. In the post-Cold War world, [[Globalization]] has been promoting integration.
Threats to integration are found in [[Protectionism]] movements.
IRKeyConcepts p. 155-7.
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|''Type:''|plugin|
|''Source:''|http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de/#IntelliTaggerPlugin|
|''Author:''|Udo Borkowski (ub [at] abego-software [dot] de)|
|''Documentation:''|[[IntelliTaggerPlugin Documentation]]|
|''~SourceCode:''|[[IntelliTaggerPlugin SourceCode]]|
|''Licence:''|[[BSD open source license (abego Software)]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.0.8|
|''Browser:''|Firefox 1.5.0.2 or better|
***/
/***
!Version History
* 1.0.2 (2007-07-25):
** Feature: "Return" key may be used to accept first tag suggestion (beside "Alt-1")
** Bugfix: Keyboard shortcuts (Alt+3 etc.) shifted
* 1.0.1 (2007-05-18): Improvement: Speedup when using TiddlyWikis with many tags
* 1.0.0 (2006-04-26): Initial release
***/
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// %/
[[Treaty of Versailles (1919)]] was developed out of the [[First World War]], and with it came several functions, like the [[League of Nations]], that linked to provide a system where world war was no longer possible.
Though much of the [[Treaty of Versailles (1919)]] was developed by US President Woodrow [[Wilson]], the American Senate did not ratify it, nor did they join the [[League of Nations]]. They went forward to pursue an [[Isolationist]] policy toward the rest of the world. However, much of the post-[[First World War]] rebuilding was based on American manufacturing and financing. When the [[Wall Street Crash (1929)]] occurred it had global effects, and the [[Great Depression]] was a global phenomenon.
Most Europeans see the slide into the [[Second World War]] as a mostly European phenomenon. However, Japan's aggression and expansion was also underway, and the processes were quite similar.
''Pacific Theater''
During this time Japan was modernizing and industrializing heavily, as it had been since 1864 with the rule of Emperor Meniji. There were great shifts in society, with the abolition of the traditional feudal system and reorganization of the military, introducing conscription and dissolving the Samurai caste. Japan was the first power from outside Europe to take on a European power and win, as it did against Tsarist Russia in the first years of the Twentieth Century.
Japan, with aspirations to [[Imperialism]] and [[Empire]], and was looking to expand into China. This expansion starts with the [[Mukden Incident]] in Manchuria in 1930 between Japanese troops and Chinese 'bandits'. Provides the context for occupation of Manchuria and establishment of 'Manchuguo' by 1933, a puppet state in Manchuria controlled by Japan. By 1937, Japan was in full-scale war with China, who was already in Civil War. This strained relations with the US, and lead to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbour in 1941.
''Europe''
The terms of the [[Treaty of Versailles (1919)]], dictated to the Germans by the allied four, bred resentment in Germany, even after the reparations were no longer asked for and most of the conditions were left alone.
A way of describing the state of international relations theory in the 1970s and 1980s. The first debate was between the realistic and idealists in the 1930s and 1940s. The second great debate was between historians and positivist social scientists in the 1950s and 1960s.
The term is not accurate, there was never any real debate. The discipline has been controlled almost entirely by realists or liberals, with little input from other points of view for example Marxism.
Also, the boundaries of each school of thought or are not as cleanly cut as the term describes.
This metaphor is now dated. International relations has spread into the study of many schools of thought including feminism constructive is and post-modernism.
IRKeyConcepts pp. 165-8
A concept that has been developed since the early 1970s, with the progressive rise of [[Globalization]]. States have become increasingly interdependent on a number of fronts, from [[Security]] to [[Manufacturing]] and consumer goods. This is met with a decrease in the [[Sovereignty]] and decision-making ability of individual nations and governments. Now, states are very interconnected so that disruptions and events from across the globe ripple over and can effect states the world over.
Since the 1970s there has been significant rises in transnational [[Capital Flows]] and the power of [[Transnational Corporations]]. Tensions between the political poles of the superpowers has decreased as the rise of [[Supra-Governmental Organizations]] like the [[United Nations]], [[NATO]], and the [[European Union]], to name a few, has increased. International borders are less stark and more permiable. Important global issues like [[Human Rights]], [[Poverty]], and the [[Environment]] have united people across nationalities. Interdependence requires cooperative, multilateral actions rather than blunt unilateral power politics.
***
Keohane and Nye.
The theorists were not only talking about increased interconnectedness, the shift was also qualitative. The world had changed. The realistic view that states work independently pursuing national interests was not an accurate picture of the way state acted in these conditions.
Complex interdependence challenged realism in at least three ways:
first, realists focused only on interstate relations, but trans-governmental and transnational activity significantly affected states and weakened their capacity to act autonomously in international relations. There was nothing within realist thinking that could account for this important shift.
Realists argue that in the hierarchy of issues among states stressed the high politics of security over the low politics of trade. This concept is obsolete.
In the new Eire of complex interdependence and military force is becoming less usable and less important as a policy option.
A condition where the decisions of one state, or peoples, interact with the decisions of other states. It can be, for example, strategic or economic. [[Realists|Realism]] view interdeptence as weakness. Interdependence can by symmetric, both sets of actors are affected the same, or it can be asymmetric, where the impact varies among actors.
IRKeyConcepts pp. 157-8.
A sudden economic revolution has occurred in the past 15 years that has the following characteristics:
* Increasing links between high and low income countries
* National economies are interconnected more and more, through trade, finance, production and a web of treaties and institutions.
* Increasing direct foreign investment points to the increased roles of TNCs in global trade and production.
* Increased harmonization of economic institutions, partly through imitation.
Globalization rests on four issues:
1 Economic growth: states that have been most efficient in economic growth have put a high priority to manufacturing and export. Those who have implemented protectionist principles have not had the same growth.
* Gains in growth might not be shared by all, exceptions to this rule are: geography (impeding trade), specialization of trade ([[Dynamic Dutch Disease]])
* Economies with large natural resources (ie Middle East oil) do not show the same growth as in manufacturing, which has better opportunities for innovation, learning by doing, productivity improvement.
2 [[Macroeconomic]] Stability: during the rise of globalization, international capital flows have risen dramatically. Developing and developed countries both open their markets to foreign participation. Financial transactions gain in two ways from trade: in diversification of risk, and [[Intertemporal Gains]].
There are exceptions:
*one failure is banks who gamble recklessly with funds, a poorly capitalized banking system invites over-borrowing and eventual financial crisis.
*Another failure is that of [[Financial Panic]], when creditors suddenly cut and run en-mass.
3 Income Distribution: recently international economics has focused on two kinds of trade: intra-industry and inter-industry.
* Intra-industry trade is like Americans buying Mercedes cars, they could buy American cars, American manufacturers could produce cars like Mercedes, but its better for Germans cars to be sold in the US as diversification and production reasons. In intra-industry trade, there is a diversification of products, but nobody really loses. Its a winning game that tends to happen between developed nations.
* Inter-industry: this is when the US sends high technology to Asia for inexpensive manufacture. It happens between high-skill and low-skill labour, and high-wage and low-wage labour. These links between rich and poor countries have become the political challenge of globlization.
4 Economic Governance: the effect of Globalization on politics large and it is redefining the nation state. The national market has become too small for efficient production in most industries and even some services. The state is becoming less important as multinational institutions are becoming much more important: TNCs, NGOs, multinational institutions.
"Internal sovereignty refers to the extent to which the state has authority over what happens in its borders."
* article [[Resilience of the State]], p. 42
"The formal rules of conduct that states acknowledge or contract between themselves" GoWP, p. 36.
"A shared value and condition of stability and predictability in the relations of states" GoWP, p. 36.
"...a pattern of activity that sustains the elementary or primary goals of the [[Society]] of states, or [[International Society]]." Hedley [[Bull]], AnarchSociety, p. 8.
The primary, elementary and universal goals of International [[Order]] are:
* The preservation of the system and society of the states itself. States see states as states and the principle actors in the [[International System]] and world politics, and the centre of duty and rights of action on the International stage. There are challenges to this, [[Hegemony]] growing larger than the system or the dominance of supra-state actors like the [[United Nations]], or sub-state actors such as revolutionary movements or NGOs, or TNCs.
* Maintaining the independence of external [[Sovereignty]] of individual [[Nation State]]s. This has been secondary to the goal of preservation of the system, demonstrated by the dissolution of independent states.
* There is a goal of peace. It is not the goal of establishing universal or permanent peace, but rather in not making war a normal condition between states. It is third in priority, so when the system and society or independence of states within are threatened, or under other special circumstances, war breaks out.
* There are also the elementary, primary and universal goals of a [[Society]]: limitation on bodily harm, the keeping of promises and arrangements, and the preservation of rules regarding private property.
AnarchSociety, pp. 16-18.
Notes Drawn from GoWP, Chapter 13, pp. 277 - 297.
Post World War II policy makers gathered at [[Bretton Woods]]. The [[New World Economic Order]] the system proposed included the creation of the [[IMF]], [[GATT]], and the [[IBRD]].
This system was built in reaction to the [[Great Depression]] and to ensure:
* a stable exchange rate system
* a reserve asset or unit of account (such as the gold standard)
* control of international capital flows
* the availability of short-term loans to countries facing a temporary balance of payments crisis
* a body of rules to keep trade open.
The [[Bretton Woods]] system fixed exchange rates to the US dollar, which fixed itself to the [[Gold Standard]] (as opposed to all currencies fixing themselves to the gold standard, etc.) and for any exchange rates to change, application had to be made to the [[IMF]]. This is a very stable system.
In August 1971, in reaction to the growth of the of manufacturing nations like South Korea, Taiwan and especially Japan, the US released the dollar from the [[Gold Standard]]. This meant currencies would "float" in relation to each other. The US also announced a 10 per cent surcharge on import duties, to stem the flow of capital, and turning back the [[Bretton Woods]] ideas. This was the beginning of a period of [[New Protectionism]].
The [[IMF]] was no longer able to control the currencies, which interacted with each other in financial groups like the G7. High inflation, mixed with the fall of growth from Post-WWII levels, and the 1973 oil crisis lead the world economy into a period of [[Stagflation]]. In the early 1970s developing countries crippled by this [[New Protectionism]] campaigned the UN General Assembly for a [[New International Economic Order]], but was unsuccessful because the UN had no enforcement ability.
During the 1960s and 1970s western economic policy had allowed the increase of [[Global Capital Markets]] and financial flows. This money was offered in the form of cheap loans to developing countries. In 1979 with the rise in interest rates, many of these countries could not pay back these loans, which lead to the [[Debt Crisis]], which the [[IMF]] was called in to fix. This changed the role of the [[IMF]], whose new job was to recommend [[Structural Adjustments]] and implement policies of Neo-Liberalism, like privatization, deregulation and trade [[Liberalization]]. These new ideas and systems forced on debt ridden developing countries is known as the [[Washington Consensus]].
The policies of [[GATT]] had not been enough to stop the [[New Protectionism]] of the 1970s, so it was replaced by the World Trade Organization ([[WTO]]), whose structure included more teeth.
Approaches to the IPE:
1 The Liberal Tradition
This "lets go" the economy with [[Free Trade]] policies. It is based on the idea that freely moving capital will create investment flows into where it is most profitable (ie developing countries labour markets), and each country can benefit from its comparative advantages. Free exchange systems and open markets allow for the [[Invisible Hand]] to spread distribution of goods and a system of prices. The role of government and institutions is to keep the markets running smoothly.
2 The Mercantilist tradition
[[Mercantilism]] rests on the same assumptions as [[Realism]]. The basis of the world economy is a competition between states, seeking to maximize their relative strength and power. Stability is only achieved through [[Balance of Power]] or [[Hegemony]].
3 The Marxist Tradition
Marxism sees the competition not being between states but a [[Class Struggle]]. The capitalists who own the means of production oppress the working class.
4 Institutionalist
See the global economy as an arena for inter-state co-operation. The core actors are governments who delegate power to lesser actors who operate in a [[Rational Choice]] manner. Co-operation is important as it increases potential gains for many actors. Institutions permit this co-operation to continue.
5 Political Economy
The world economy is formed by the vested interests of interest groups within states. The driving force is this [[Rational Choice]] of interest groups within the domestic economy reacting to changes in the international economy.
6 Neo-Gramscian
The world economy is a competitive structure of knowledge, ideas, and institutions dominated by the interests of the major actors. The dominant actors control the structures and the powerful require the consent of the less powerful. Hegemony cannot be simple dominance of order, but also has to control informations structures as well.
"international society exists where there are separate and autonomous political units, significant interactions between them to an extent conditioning their behaviour, and a dominant culture shaping such norms, codes of behaviour and institutions as exist between the political units. Our concern, moreover, is with 1. the types of political community comprising those units; 2. their forms of interaction, from cooperation through compliance to conflict; 3. their rules of conduct, explicit or implicit; 4. their patterns of relations, whether hierarchical, in rough balance, multi-polar or whatever; and 5. the environment - geographical, political, economic, technological, etc. - in which the web of interaction operates and where significant changes could affect the society's structure and functioning." SoISociety, p. 56.
"A //[[Society of States]]// (or International Society) exists when a group of states, conscious of certain common interests and common values, form a society in the sense that they conceive themselves to be bound by a common set of rules in their relations with one another, and share in the working of common institutions. If states today form an international society... this is because, recognising certain common interests and perhaps some common values, they regard themselves as bound by certain rules in their dealings with one another, such as that they should respect one another's claims to independence, that they should honour agreements into which they enter, and that they should be subject to certain limitations in exercising force against one another. At the same time they cooperate in the working of institutions such as the forms of procedures of international law, the machinery of diplomacy and general international organisation, and the customs and conventions of war." AnarchSociety, p. 13.
"A concept developed by a number of scholars known as [[The English School]]. The concept refers to a group of states that share a certain common interest or values, and who participate in the maintenance of international institutions. Most scholars trace the origins of the International Society to Europe. The term international society is important in drawing our attention to two fundamental aspects of International relations. First, it suggests that attempts to construct a rigid dichotomy between domestic politics (the site of hierarchy, order, and perhaps justice) and International relations (anarchy, absence of order, the site of power politics) are doomed to fail. In so far as international relations is rule governed in the sense that expressions of power but also help to restrain that power, the realist approach is fundamentally flawed. Second, it suggests that the sources of state conduct cannot be deduced solely on the basis of observable and measurable factors. The term International Society implies that relations among states are infused with normative significance. States relate to one another in the context of claims about rights and obligations rather than mere struggles for power.
"If international relations cannot be understood adequately simply as a manifestation of power politics, realism, it is therefore unnecessary to radically transform the international order to achieve global peace and Justice, as some critical theorists and Cosmopolitanists say. In whose interests are served by the rules of coexistence among state? Are those rules capable of adaptation in the interests of individuals, or of the day designed to protect states alone? If international society a concept that is applicable across the globe, or is it a school confined to particular states and regions?
"Some scholars suggest that the concept of international society is analytically obsolete. In the era of globalisation, we need to explore the possibility of international relations taking place within a broader global society in which state are but one of a number of important actors shaping world.moreover, even if the element of international society can be said to contribute to international order, it is still to ideas of Cosmopolitan justice. If the latter is to be achieved at all, it is not enough that states tolerate one another; they need to participate in a broader common project they begin to tackle common problems, such as those presented through environmental degradation and human inequality." IRKeyConcepts pp. 163-5 (dictated, needs editing).
By definition, International Society is a political community of which there is no higher authority. Hedley Bull defines it as the following: "A society of states (or international society) exists when a group of states, conscious of certain common interests and common values, form a society in the sense that they conceive themselves to be bound by a common set of rules in their relations with one another, and share in the working of common institutions" (GoWP, p. 37). International society is a liberal or pluralist concept between [[Nation State]]s with [[Sovereignty]].
Ancient, or [[Hellenic Greece]] was formed of a similar society between their //polis//, city states. There are differences, Hellenic relations were not political-legal but religious-cultural. Treaties were not based on [[International Law]] but overseen by Zeus and there was no concept of equal [[Sovereignty]]. However, there was a system of rules that assisted diplomacy and inter-polis relations. With the Hellenistic and Roman ages there was a shift toward [[Empire]] as the political arrangement between states, and it was not until [[Renaissance Italy]] that we see an international society arrangement developing again.
Two very important reasons stand out for the development of this new society. First, the Roman Catholic papacy created a foundation for common rules and values between the states in [[Renaissance Italy]]. Second, the small states in Italy were the first to break out of [[Medieval Europe]]'s system of [[Empire]]. This shift brought forward the beginnings of the modern state.
"A //[[Society of States]]// (or [[International Society]]) exists when a group of states, conscious of certain common interests and common values, form a society in the sense that they conceive themselves to be bound by a common set of rules in their relations with one another, and share in the working of common institutions. If states today form an international society... this is because, recognising certain common interests and perhaps some common values, they regard themselves as bound by certain rules in their dealings with one another, such as that they should respect one another's claims to independence, that they should honour agreements into which they enter, and that they should be subject to certain limitations in exercising force against one another. At the same time they cooperate in the working of institutions such as the forms of procedures of international law, the machinery of diplomacy and general international organisation, and the customs and conventions of war." AnarchSociety, p. 13.
* The [[International System]] is an [[International Society]], but the society is not a system.
* It is difficult to see the boundaries and beginnings of the evolution of [[International Society]].
The system of [[Anarchy]] that which nation states exist and interact within.
"A //system of states// (or international system) is formed when two or more states have sufficient contact between them, and have sufficient impact on one another's decisions, to cause them to behave - at least in some measure - as parts of a whole." AnarchSociety, p. 9.
A term that has different ideas attached to it. Some, such as Morton A. Kaplan, see the International System as a "system of action", which can be used to understand and predict behaviour between states. Hedley [[Bull]] Takes a different view, and defines it as a "particular kind of international constellation" AnarchSociety, p. 11.
Edwards, Alistair and Townshend, Jules (Editors). //Interpreting Modern Political Philosophy; From Machiavelli to Marx//. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
From Croydon Public Library.
In Liberal political economy, the ability of the economy to achieve order through competition within the marketplace.
Immanuel Kant, great german [[Enlightenment]] philosopher.
Advocate of Liberal Institutionalism
Editor of //Neorealism and its Critics// NeoRealCritics
* See article: [[Globalization: Whats New?]]
* One of the most prominent reasons for the [[First World War]] is the unification Germany and its newfound [[Imperialism]].
* The European powers were in a struggle against each other over overseas territory.
* The international system was relying heavily on the [[Balance of Power]] system.
* In places controlled by collapsing Empire, local [[Nationalism]] was mounting, and local people in the Balkans and in other places wanted to establish their own states.
* Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated on June 28, 1914 by a Serbian nationalist.
* The [[Balance of Power]] system that had been established over several decades suddenly came to war, with Austria-Hungary on one side and Britain, France and Russia on the other.
* The [[Balance of Power]] system had created several automatic tactical plans, like the 'Schlieffen Plan' which was a German plan to strike quickly to gain the upper hand, but actually served to widen the war.
"The League of Nations (LON) was the predecessor to the [[United Nations]]. It represented a major attempt by the great powers after the [[First World War]] (1914-18) to institutionalize a system of [[Collective Security]], and its founding Covenant was formulated as part of the [[Treaty of Versailles (1919)]]" IRKeyConcepts p. 176
Spawn from Woodrow [[Wilson]]'s [[14 Points]], the US didn't even join the League of Nations. Soviet Russia also wan't involved so the League was doomed right from the start.
Developer of the [[Soviet]] state in Russia.
/***
|Name:|LessBackupsPlugin|
|Description:|Intelligently limit the number of backup files you create|
|Version:|3.0.1 ($Rev: 2320 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2007-06-18 22:37:46 +1000 (Mon, 18 Jun 2007) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#LessBackupsPlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird|
|Email:|simon.baird@gmail.com|
|License:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
!!Description
You end up with just backup one per year, per month, per weekday, per hour, minute, and second. So total number won't exceed about 200 or so. Can be reduced by commenting out the seconds/minutes/hours line from modes array
!!Notes
Works in IE and Firefox only. Algorithm by Daniel Baird. IE specific code by by Saq Imtiaz.
***/
//{{{
var MINS = 60 * 1000;
var HOURS = 60 * MINS;
var DAYS = 24 * HOURS;
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// comment out the ones you don't want or set config.lessBackups.modes in your 'tweaks' plugin
modes: [
["YYYY", 365*DAYS], // one per year for ever
["MMM", 31*DAYS], // one per month
["ddd", 7*DAYS], // one per weekday
//["d0DD", 1*DAYS], // one per day of month
["h0hh", 24*HOURS], // one per hour
["m0mm", 1*HOURS], // one per minute
["s0ss", 1*MINS], // one per second
["latest",0] // always keep last version. (leave this).
]
};
}
window.getSpecialBackupPath = function(backupPath) {
var now = new Date();
var modes = config.lessBackups.modes;
for (var i=0;i<modes.length;i++) {
// the filename we will try
var specialBackupPath = backupPath.replace(/(\.)([0-9]+\.[0-9]+)(\.html)$/,
'$1'+now.formatString(modes[i][0]).toLowerCase()+'$3')
// open the file
try {
if (config.browser.isIE) {
var fsobject = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
var fileExists = fsobject.FileExists(specialBackupPath);
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var modDate = new Date(fileObject.DateLastModified).valueOf();
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}
else {
netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege("UniversalXPConnect");
var file = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/file/local;1"].createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsILocalFile);
file.initWithPath(specialBackupPath);
var fileExists = file.exists();
if (fileExists) {
var modDate = file.lastModifiedTime;
}
}
}
catch(e) {
// give up
return backupPath;
}
// expiry is used to tell if it's an 'old' one. Eg, if the month is June and there is a
// June file on disk that's more than an month old then it must be stale so overwrite
// note that "latest" should be always written because the expiration period is zero (see above)
var expiry = new Date(modDate + modes[i][1]);
if (!fileExists || now > expiry)
return specialBackupPath;
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}
// hijack the core function
window.getBackupPath_mptw_orig = window.getBackupPath;
window.getBackupPath = function(localPath) {
return getSpecialBackupPath(getBackupPath_mptw_orig(localPath));
}
//}}}
Known by some as [[Pluralism]].
In the 1940s, liberals turned to international institutions to carry out a number of functions the state could not perform. This was the catalyst for integration theory in Europe and [[Pluralism]] in the United States. By the early 1970s, pluralism had mounted a significant challenge to [[Realism]]. It focused on new actors ([[Transnational Corporations]], NGOs) and new patterns of interaction ([[Interdependence]], [[Integration]]).
The fallout from [[Idealism]], which was killed by WWII, Liberal Institutionalism was less [[Normative]], and was the thinking behind the UnitedNations. A key Liberal Institutionalist was David [[Mitrany]] who said that if state co-operate to solve a problem, that co-operation is likely to spread into other areas of the state. He called this [[Ramification]]. As states achieve more [[Integration]], it is more difficult for them to withdraw. This transnational co-operation is the basis of Liberal Institutionalism.
Other Liberal Institutionalist thinkers are [[Haas]], Robert [[Keohane]] and Joseph [[Nye]]. Keohane and Nye argued that with the expansion of [[Capitalism]], [[Transnationalism]] has evolved into an important international issue. And the world stage had to now take into account NGOs, [[Transnational Corporations]], interest groups as well as state governments.
The strand in [[Liberalism]] which holds that the natural order has been corrupted by undemocratic state leaders and outdated policies such as the [[Balance of Power]]. Prescriptively, liberal internationalists believe that contact between the peoples of the world, through commerce or travel, will facilitate a more pacific form of international relations. Key concept of liberal internationalism: the idea of a [[Harmony of Interests]].
Immanuel [[Kant]] and Jeremy [[Bentham]] were two Liberal Internationalists of the [[Enlightenment]], though Kant's more radical revolutionary vision of the change to the new world order places his philosophy in the [[Revolutionism]] camp. Richard [[Cobden]] wrote in the nineteenth century.
Kant thought:
* Reason can deliver freedom and justice in International Relations.
* Requires the transformation of individual conciousness, a republican constitutionalism and a contract between states to abolish war.
* This contract is like a permanent peace treaty, and has no superstate actor or authority higher than the states.
Bentham was looking for a way to solve inter-state disputes without resorting to war in the form of a tribunal.
Liberal Internationalism, unlike [[Idealism]], is not looking to set up a [[World Government]]. Rather, they feel there is a natural order that runs through society. Politicians, by exercising political [[Power]], are interfering with that natural order that is already present.
A Liberal theory championed by US President Woodrow [[Wilson]] and scholars in reaction to the systems and conditions of the [[International System]] that lead to the [[First World War]].
"Built directly into the Liberal Internationalism of the early 20th Century was a critique of the pre-1914 international institutional structures. The decent into war had been due to secret [[Diplomacy]] and an alliance system that had not been presented or accepted by citizens of the fighting nations. The only mechanism to prevent war had been the [[Balance of Power]]. Liberal Internationalism established new systems and principles, like open diplomacy, having to publicly declare pacts and alliances, and the [[League of Nations]] to oversee diplomacy and [[Collective Security]]." (UnderstandingIR pp. 21-22)
"Liberal Institutionalism is essentially a project to transform international relations so that they conform to models of peace, freedom, and prosperity allegedly enjoyed within constitutional liberal democracies such as the United States." (IRKeyConcepts, p 180)
There are several ways this transformation happens. Three of these ways are:
1) By promoting [[Free Trade]] and [[Commercial Liberalism]], states establish an economic interdependence, thereby reducing incentives for violence and raising the cost of war. Also, [[Free Trade]] develops social ties between states as well.
2) The endorsement of constitutional democracies. The idea of [[Democratic Peace]], that citizens do not want to go to [[War]], democracies do not want to fight one another. The more democracies in the world, the less chance for war.
3) [[Institutional Liberalism]] and [[Collective Security]], develop supranational institutions that add structure to the [[International System]] and reduce the structural [[Anarchy]] within it. For example the United Nations. Pacts of Collective [[Security]] (NATO) make conflict between nations within the pact much less likely, and nations within large pacts are less likely to be attacked.
Liberal Realism
The international anarchy can be cushioned by states who have the capability to deter other states from aggression, and who are able to construct elementary rules for their coexistence.
An ideology whose central concern is the liberty of the individual. For most Liberals, the establishment of the state is necessary to preserve individual liberty from being destroyed or harmed by other individuals or by other states. But the state must always be the servant of the collective will and not (as in the case of [[Realism]]) the master.
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_international_relations_theory
Liberalism is primarily a theory of government, one that seeks to reconcile order ([[Security]]) and justice (equality) within a particular community. It has been a strong influence on world politics since the 18th century, reaching it's high point between the two world wars when [[Idealist]]s thought that [[War]] was outmoded and obsolete.
The GoWP textbook puts forward three types of Liberalism:
[[Liberal Internationalism]]
[[Idealism]]
[[Liberal Institutionalism]]
Which, updated for Globalization, become:
[[Neo-Liberal Internationalism]]
Neo-Idealism
[[Neo-Liberal Institutionalism]]
Leader in the [[Critical Theory]] school of [[Marxist Theory]].
Argues [[Emancipation]] comes when ethics and morals are not confined by state borders. Looking for post-Westphalian era
John Locke (1632-1704)
Writer of the [[Second Treatise]] on Government.
[[Locke - Key Ideas]].
John Locke represents the beginnings of liberal political theory, and is also one of the founders of [[Social Contract Theory]], and [[Contractarianism]] theory.
"The starting point of Locke's political philtoosphy is the claim that human beings are, by nature, one another's equals, so far as authority and rule are concerned. Because we are naturally one another equals, no one may be put under the political authority of another except by his own consent (//Second Treatise//, para. 95). The premiss of equality, therefore is key ot the [[Social Contract Theory]] and to everything which is built on it." PoliThinkers p. 188.
"It is true that Lacke's accound of natural law is rationalistic. He rejects any innatist account of moral knowledge. Natural law is the law of reason, and it is reason that teaches us the basis of our duties to one another...
"Thus Locke's natural law command certain duties to others. It commands negative duties not to attack or injure one another, and even positive duties - duties to preserve others (not leaving them for example to starve, in one has the resources to help them) so long as this does not prejudice one's own self-preservation. Even the priority of self-preservation has a moral edge for Locke. We tend to read it as a right. But it also has the character of a duty owed to God: its a matter of stewardship. And so, considered as a right, it is //inalienable//: no one may give up his right to preserve his own life or suject himself to the arbitrary power of another. And so n theory of government may be predicted on the hypothesis that people have consented - again, expressly or tacitly - to their own enslavement or transferred their lives to a sovereign. The inalienability of certain natural rights is one of the crucial premisses of Locke's approach to politics. " PoliThinkers, pp. 189-90.
[[Locke's Theory of Property]].
''[[Equality]]'': Everyone in the state of nature is born equal, although there is some dispute over whether women were included in this conception.
''Executive power of the law of nature'': no one has any right to exercise power over another and hence everyone has executive power in the state of nature.
''Express and tacit consent'': the exercise of authority over one person by another can only be effected by consent, which may be explicit and overt, as in swearing an oath of allegiance, or it may be indicated by the mere fact that a person enjoys the protection of the laws of a country.
''[[Liberty]] versus [[Licence]]'': liberty is to act within the constraints of the natural law, whereas licence is to be motivated by passions and may be inimical to social life.
''Mixing one's labour'': this is at the hear of [[Locke's Theory of Property]] and differentiates him from the many theories that ground it in consent or first sighting. Mixing one's labour with something is a sign of appropriation and gives one title to the object, e.g. picking and apple.
''[[Private Property]]'': people are allowed unlimited private property under a system of political society that includes money.
Natural Rights: all possess natural rights, independent of government, who is supposed to protect those natural rights.
PoliThinkers, pp. 182-3.
MPTW is a distribution or edition of TiddlyWiki that includes a standard TiddlyWiki core packaged with some plugins designed to improve usability and provide a better way to organise your information. For more information see http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/.
Machiavelli
Florentine bureaucrat and writer of [["The Prince"]].
"Machiavelli took it as given that the ends of politics were the acquiring and keeping of powerm the stability of state, the preservation of order and general prosperity. Therefore, in order to provide useful advice, Machiavelli was concerned to establish from historical example and factual evidence the kinds of qualities rulers must have and the actions they must take in order to achieve political success." IntpretMdrnPoliPhilo p. 22.
"The Prince must cultivate, not traditional virtue, but Machiavellian [[Virtu]]. He must be bold, resolute, flexible, prepared to break promises and act against charity, truth religion, and humanity. The prince must combine the cunning of the fox with the strength of the lion and be devious, ruthless, violent of cruel as the situation demands. Political necessity frequently demands that the prince learns how not to be good. When the occasion requires it, the prince must adopt any means necessary. If princes succeed in conquest and in preserving states, they will be honoured and praised regardless of the means used since 'as to the actions of all men and especially those of princes... everyone looks to their result' (//Prince// XV111). Machiavelli's focus in //The Prince// was on monarchies and princely behaviour. In //The Discourses// he is mainly concerned with republican government. Here, he aimed to explain how the Roman republic managed to achieve greatness. As in //The Prince//, he applies his method using historical studies and his own experience to draw practical conclusions. He again emphasises that in times of political necessity, means must be adapted to circumstances. Actions, which display [[Virtu]] rather than traditional moral virtues, are required to withstand the blows of [[Fortuna]]. If a republic is to survive, rulers and citizens alike must possess [[Virtu]]." IntpretMdrnPoliPhilo pp. 22-3.
"In //The Discourses//, however, Machiavelli advances the view that though a single ruler is necessary to found and reform states, a republican government is better at maintaining them once they have been establised (//Discourses// 111, 9). The subsequent fortunes depend not on the virtue of one man, but on the civic virtue of citizens prepared to advance collective interests over their own private or sectional interests. Here, he claims that 'governments by the people are better than those by princes' (//Discourses// 1, 58) and that it is 'not individual good but common good that makes cities great. Yet without doubt this common good is thought important only in republics' (//Discourses// 11, 2)." IntpretMdrnPoliPhilo p. 23.
<<tag Definitions>>
<<tag [[IR Notes]]>>
<<tag History>>
<<tag Greatpeople>>
<<tag Bibliography>>
<<tag Courses>>
Waltz, Kenneth N. //Man, the State, and War; A Theoretical Analysis//. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.
Karl Marx, founder of [[Marxism]], see [[Marxist Theory]]
''The ideas of [[Marx]].''
The fall of the Soviet system was considered the end of [[Marxism]], but this was not so:
* The [[Soviet]] system of [[Stalinism]] contained many mutations on Marxist theory that Marxists were not proud of. Without a bastardized version of their theory not working out they could resume innovated thought.
* Marxist social theory is the best analysis of [[Capitalism]] out there.
Marxism is a radically different ideology when compared to [[Liberalism]] and [[Realism]], and looks at the deeper sub-text of politics.
''Elements of [[Marxism]]:''
* The social world analysis should be in totality, not divided into different areas of inquiry (eg history, philosophy, economics, etc.). One cannot understand one without the other, it should be viewed as a whole.
* [[Materialist Conception of History]], that economics is the centre of history.
* Central to Marxism is the tension between [[Means of Production]] and [[Relations of Production]], which forms the economic base of society.
* As the means of production develop and evolve, previous relations of production become obsolete and must transform to adapt, which leads to processes of social change.
* This change affects politics, law, institutions, etc. all forms of society.
* In short: technological change leads to change in the economic base, which leads to change in the legal and political superstructure. This is known as the [[Base-Superstructure Model]].
* Class conflict is a systematic part of society.
* The conflict in capitalist society is between the [[Bourgeoisie]] and the [[Proletariat]].
* Marx was committed to [[Emancipation]], but was against dogmatic, uncritical acceptance of party-line.
''Other Marxist Thinkers:''
* [[Lenin]] took Marxism forward and developed his [[World System Theory]] as a description of the world economic order that consists of a [[Core]] and a [[Periphery]]. He was the founder of the [[Soviet]] state in Russia.
* [[Wallerstein]] contributed to [[World System Theory]] by denoting the difference between [[World Empire]] and [[World Economy]] adding a semi-periphery, that includes attributes of both the core and the periphery. He also added significant contributions to the concept of [[Capitalism]]
* [[Gramsci]] developed the Marxist sub-sect [[Gramscianism]], asking why Marxism hadn't taken off anywhere but backward Russia. His conclusion is it must be due to [[Hegemony]].
* The [[Frankfurt School]] brought forward [[Critical Theory]] to International Relations. Key figures in this movement were [[Habermas]] and [[Linklater]].
* Bill [[Warren]] and Justin [[Rosenburg]] are key thinkers involved with [[New Marxism]]
An idea central to [[Marxist Theory]].
Looking at history as a function of economic development.
Jihad
vs. McWorld, Benjaman Barber
Barber, Benajamin R. “Jihad vs. Mc
World”, The Atlantic Monthly, no. 3 (March 1992: pp. 53-63
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/199203/barber
McWorld requires four
imperatives:
*Market Imperative
All national economies are now
vulnerable to the inroads of larger, transnational markets within which
trade is deregulated, currencies are convertible, access to banking is
open and contracts are enforceable under law.
Markets are eroding
national sovereignty and giving rise to entities: international banks,
trade associates, transnational lobbies like OPEC and Greenpeace, and
world news services like CNN and BBC, and transnational corporations
that increasingly lack a meaningful national identity, that neither
reflect nor respect nationhood as an organizing or regulative
principle.
This imperative has reinforced the quest for peace and
stability, required for efficient international economy. Isolation,
war, religious and ideological difference, instability all hinder a
global market.
International law ceases to be a vision of justice and
becomes a framework for getting things done, enforcing contracts,
regulating trade and currency relations, etc.
Religion culture and
nationality are marginalized as a part of the individual’s identity.
Shopping is the same in any language, and a Big Mac? is the same in
Tokyo as in Rome.
Democratic capitalism is not the same as democratic
imperative.
*Resource Imperative
Also called forces of production.
The combined elements of production: labour, tools, and technology needed for production.
Mercantilism rests on the same assumptions as Realism. The basis of the world economy is a competition between states, seeking to maximize their relative strength and power. Stability is only achieved through Balance of Power or Hegemony.
has stated that Western successes in Liberal Democracy has solved the social conflicts that have emerged from Industrialization, and assumes that non-Western will follow the same ideas.
[[Lenin]] saw the development of monopoly capitalism as an evolution that required a redefinition of [[Marxism]].
!Definition
In insurance, then insured increase their risk due to having coverage.
Name: MptwBlack
Background: #000
Foreground: #fff
PrimaryPale: #333
PrimaryLight: #555
PrimaryMid: #888
PrimaryDark: #aaa
SecondaryPale: #111
SecondaryLight: #222
SecondaryMid: #555
SecondaryDark: #888
TertiaryPale: #222
TertiaryLight: #666
TertiaryMid: #888
TertiaryDark: #aaa
Error: #300
This is in progress. Help appreciated.
Name: MptwBlue
Background: #fff
Foreground: #000
PrimaryPale: #cdf
PrimaryLight: #57c
PrimaryMid: #114
PrimaryDark: #012
SecondaryPale: #ffc
SecondaryLight: #fe8
SecondaryMid: #db4
SecondaryDark: #841
TertiaryPale: #eee
TertiaryLight: #ccc
TertiaryMid: #999
TertiaryDark: #666
Error: #f88
/***
|Name:|MptwConfigPlugin|
|Description:|Miscellaneous tweaks used by MPTW|
|Version:|1.0 ($Rev: 3646 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2008-02-27 02:34:38 +1000 (Wed, 27 Feb 2008) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#MptwConfigPlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#MptwConfigPlugin|
!!Note: instead of editing this you should put overrides in MptwUserConfigPlugin
***/
//{{{
var originalReadOnly = readOnly;
var originalShowBackstage = showBackstage;
config.options.chkHttpReadOnly = false; // means web visitors can experiment with your site by clicking edit
readOnly = false; // needed because the above doesn't work any more post 2.1 (??)
showBackstage = true; // show backstage for same reason
config.options.chkInsertTabs = true; // tab inserts a tab when editing a tiddler
config.views.wikified.defaultText = ""; // don't need message when a tiddler doesn't exist
config.views.editor.defaultText = ""; // don't need message when creating a new tiddler
config.options.chkSaveBackups = true; // do save backups
config.options.txtBackupFolder = 'twbackup'; // put backups in a backups folder
config.options.chkAutoSave = (window.location.protocol == "file:"); // do autosave if we're in local file
config.mptwVersion = "2.5.2";
config.macros.mptwVersion={handler:function(place){wikify(config.mptwVersion,place);}};
if (config.options.txtTheme == '')
config.options.txtTheme = 'MptwTheme';
// add to default GettingStarted
config.shadowTiddlers.GettingStarted += "\n\nSee also [[MPTW]].";
// add select theme and palette controls in default OptionsPanel
config.shadowTiddlers.OptionsPanel = config.shadowTiddlers.OptionsPanel.replace(/(\n\-\-\-\-\nAlso see AdvancedOptions)/, "{{select{<<selectTheme>>\n<<selectPalette>>}}}$1");
// these are used by ViewTemplate
config.mptwDateFormat = 'DD/MM/YY';
config.mptwJournalFormat = 'Journal DD/MM/YY';
//}}}
Name: MptwGreen
Background: #fff
Foreground: #000
PrimaryPale: #9b9
PrimaryLight: #385
PrimaryMid: #031
PrimaryDark: #020
SecondaryPale: #ffc
SecondaryLight: #fe8
SecondaryMid: #db4
SecondaryDark: #841
TertiaryPale: #eee
TertiaryLight: #ccc
TertiaryMid: #999
TertiaryDark: #666
Error: #f88
Name: MptwRed
Background: #fff
Foreground: #000
PrimaryPale: #eaa
PrimaryLight: #c55
PrimaryMid: #711
PrimaryDark: #500
SecondaryPale: #ffc
SecondaryLight: #fe8
SecondaryMid: #db4
SecondaryDark: #841
TertiaryPale: #eee
TertiaryLight: #ccc
TertiaryMid: #999
TertiaryDark: #666
Error: #f88
|Name|MptwRounded|
|Description|Mptw Theme with some rounded corners (Firefox only)|
|ViewTemplate|MptwTheme##ViewTemplate|
|EditTemplate|MptwTheme##EditTemplate|
|PageTemplate|MptwTheme##PageTemplate|
|StyleSheet|##StyleSheet|
!StyleSheet
/*{{{*/
[[MptwTheme##StyleSheet]]
.tiddler,
.sliderPanel,
.button,
.tiddlyLink,
.tabContents
{ -moz-border-radius: 1em; }
.tab {
-moz-border-radius-topleft: 0.5em;
-moz-border-radius-topright: 0.5em;
}
#topMenu {
-moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 2em;
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 2em;
}
/*}}}*/
Name: MptwSmoke
Background: #fff
Foreground: #000
PrimaryPale: #aaa
PrimaryLight: #777
PrimaryMid: #111
PrimaryDark: #000
SecondaryPale: #ffc
SecondaryLight: #fe8
SecondaryMid: #db4
SecondaryDark: #841
TertiaryPale: #eee
TertiaryLight: #ccc
TertiaryMid: #999
TertiaryDark: #666
Error: #f88
|Name|MptwStandard|
|Description|Mptw Theme with the default TiddlyWiki PageLayout and Styles|
|ViewTemplate|MptwTheme##ViewTemplate|
|EditTemplate|MptwTheme##EditTemplate|
Name: MptwTeal
Background: #fff
Foreground: #000
PrimaryPale: #B5D1DF
PrimaryLight: #618FA9
PrimaryMid: #1a3844
PrimaryDark: #000
SecondaryPale: #ffc
SecondaryLight: #fe8
SecondaryMid: #db4
SecondaryDark: #841
TertiaryPale: #f8f8f8
TertiaryLight: #bbb
TertiaryMid: #999
TertiaryDark: #888
Error: #f88
|Name|MptwTheme|
|Description|Mptw Theme including custom PageLayout|
|PageTemplate|##PageTemplate|
|ViewTemplate|##ViewTemplate|
|EditTemplate|##EditTemplate|
|StyleSheet|##StyleSheet|
http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#MptwTheme ($Rev: 1829 $)
!PageTemplate
<!--{{{-->
<div class='header' macro='gradient vert [[ColorPalette::PrimaryLight]] [[ColorPalette::PrimaryMid]]'>
<div class='headerShadow'>
<span class='siteTitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteTitle'></span>
<span class='siteSubtitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteSubtitle'></span>
</div>
<div class='headerForeground'>
<span class='siteTitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteTitle'></span>
<span class='siteSubtitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteSubtitle'></span>
</div>
</div>
<!-- horizontal MainMenu -->
<div id='topMenu' refresh='content' tiddler='MainMenu'></div>
<!-- original MainMenu menu -->
<!-- <div id='mainMenu' refresh='content' tiddler='MainMenu'></div> -->
<div id='sidebar'>
<div id='sidebarOptions' refresh='content' tiddler='SideBarOptions'></div>
<div id='sidebarTabs' refresh='content' force='true' tiddler='SideBarTabs'></div>
</div>
<div id='tiddlersBar' refresh='none' ondblclick='config.macros.tiddlersBar.onTiddlersBarAction(event)'></div>
<div id='displayArea'>
<div id='messageArea'></div>
<div id='tiddlerDisplay'></div>
</div>
<!--}}}-->
!ViewTemplate
<!--{{{-->
<div>
<span style='float:right;' class='subtitle'>
Edited by <span macro='view modifier link'></span>,
<span macro='view modified date [[DD MMM YYYY]]'></span>
(created <span macro='view created date [[DD MMM YYYY]]'></span>)
</span>
<div class='titleContainer'>
<span class='title' macro='view title'></span>
<span macro="miniTag"></span>
<span class="tagglyTagged" macro="tags"></span></div>
<div>
[[MptwTheme##ViewTemplateToolbar]]
<hr>
<div macro="showWhen tiddler.tags.containsAny(['css','html','pre','systemConfig']) && !tiddler.text.match('{{'+'{')">
<div class='viewer'><pre macro='view text'></pre></div>
</div>
<div macro="else">
<div class='viewer' macro='view text wikified'></div>
<div class='viewer' macro='notes'></div>
</div>
<div class="tagglyTagging" macro="tagglyTagging"></div>
<!--}}}-->
!ViewTemplateToolbar
<!--{{{-->
<div class='toolbar'>
<span macro="showWhenTagged systemConfig">
<span macro="toggleTag systemConfigDisable . '[[disable|systemConfigDisable]]'"></span>
</span>
<span macro="showWhenTagged systemTheme"><span macro="applyTheme"></span></span>
<span macro="showWhenTagged systemPalette"><span macro="applyPalette"></span></span>
<span macro="showWhen tiddler.tags.contains('css') || tiddler.title == 'StyleSheet'"><span macro="refreshAll"></span></span>
<span style="padding:1em;"></span>
<span macro='toolbar closeTiddler closeOthers easyEdit +editTiddler deleteTiddler > fields syncing permalink references jump'></span> <span macro='newHere label:"new here"'></span>
<span macro='newJournalHere {{config.mptwJournalFormat?config.mptwJournalFormat:"MM/0DD/YY"}}'></span>
</div>
<!--}}}-->
!EditTemplate
<!--{{{-->
<div class="toolbar" macro="toolbar +saveTiddler saveCloseTiddler closeOthers -cancelTiddler cancelCloseTiddler deleteTiddler wikibar"></div>
<div class="title" macro="view title"></div>
<div class="editLabel">Title</div><div class="editor" macro="edit title"></div>
<div macro='annotations'></div>
<div class="editLabel">Content</div><div class="editor" macro="edit text"></div>
<div class="editLabel">Tags</div><div class="editor" macro="edit tags"></div>
<div class="editorFooter"><span macro="message views.editor.tagPrompt"></span><span macro="tagChooser"></span></div>
<!--}}}-->
!StyleSheet
/*{{{*/
/* a contrasting background so I can see where one tiddler ends and the other begins */
body {
background: [[ColorPalette::TertiaryLight]];
}
/* sexy colours and font for the header */
.headerForeground {
color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryPale]];
}
.headerShadow, .headerShadow a {
color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryMid]];
}
/* separate the top menu parts */
.headerForeground, .headerShadow {
padding: 1em 1em 0;
}
.headerForeground, .headerShadow {
font-family: 'Trebuchet MS' sans-serif;
font-weight:bold;
}
.headerForeground .siteSubtitle {
color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryLight]];
}
.headerShadow .siteSubtitle {
color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryMid]];
}
/* make shadow go and down right instead of up and left */
.headerShadow {
left: 1px;
top: 1px;
}
/* prefer monospace for editing */
.editor textarea, .editor input {
font-family: 'Consolas' monospace;
background-color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryPale]];
}
/* sexy tiddler titles */
.title {
font-size: 250%;
color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryLight]];
font-family: 'Trebuchet MS' sans-serif;
}
/* more subtle tiddler subtitle */
.subtitle {
padding:0px;
margin:0px;
padding-left:1em;
font-size: 90%;
color: [[ColorPalette::TertiaryMid]];
}
.subtitle .tiddlyLink {
color: [[ColorPalette::TertiaryMid]];
}
/* a little bit of extra whitespace */
.viewer {
padding-bottom:3px;
}
/* don't want any background color for headings */
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
background-color: transparent;
color: [[ColorPalette::Foreground]];
}
/* give tiddlers 3d style border and explicit background */
.tiddler {
background: [[ColorPalette::Background]];
border-right: 2px [[ColorPalette::TertiaryMid]] solid;
border-bottom: 2px [[ColorPalette::TertiaryMid]] solid;
margin-bottom: 1em;
padding:1em 2em 2em 1.5em;
}
/* make options slider look nicer */
#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel {
border:solid 1px [[ColorPalette::PrimaryLight]];
}
/* the borders look wrong with the body background */
#sidebar .button {
border-style: none;
}
/* this means you can put line breaks in SidebarOptions for readability */
#sidebarOptions br {
display:none;
}
/* undo the above in OptionsPanel */
#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel br {
display:inline;
}
/* horizontal main menu stuff */
#displayArea {
margin: 1em 15.7em 0em 1em; /* use the freed up space */
}
#topMenu br {
display: none;
}
#topMenu {
background: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryMid]];
color:[[ColorPalette::PrimaryPale]];
}
#topMenu {
padding:2px;
}
#topMenu .button, #topMenu .tiddlyLink, #topMenu a {
margin-left: 0.5em;
margin-right: 0.5em;
padding-left: 3px;
padding-right: 3px;
color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryPale]];
font-size: 115%;
}
#topMenu .button:hover, #topMenu .tiddlyLink:hover {
background: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryDark]];
}
/* make 2.2 act like 2.1 with the invisible buttons */
.toolbar {
visibility:hidden;
}
.selected .toolbar {
visibility:visible;
}
/* experimental. this is a little borked in IE7 with the button
* borders but worth it I think for the extra screen realestate */
.toolbar { float:right; }
/* fix for TaggerPlugin. from sb56637. improved by FND */
.popup li .tagger a {
display:inline;
}
/* makes theme selector look a little better */
#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel .select .button {
padding:0.5em;
display:block;
}
#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel .select br {
display:none;
}
/* make it print a little cleaner */
@media print {
#topMenu {
display: none ! important;
}
/* not sure if we need all the importants */
.tiddler {
border-style: none ! important;
margin:0px ! important;
padding:0px ! important;
padding-bottom:2em ! important;
}
.tagglyTagging .button, .tagglyTagging .hidebutton {
display: none ! important;
}
.headerShadow {
visibility: hidden ! important;
}
.tagglyTagged .quickopentag, .tagged .quickopentag {
border-style: none ! important;
}
.quickopentag a.button, .miniTag {
display: none ! important;
}
}
/* get user styles specified in StyleSheet */
[[StyleSheet]]
/*}}}*/
|Name|MptwTrim|
|Description|Mptw Theme with a reduced header to increase useful space|
|ViewTemplate|MptwTheme##ViewTemplate|
|EditTemplate|MptwTheme##EditTemplate|
|StyleSheet|MptwTheme##StyleSheet|
|PageTemplate|##PageTemplate|
!PageTemplate
<!--{{{-->
<!-- horizontal MainMenu -->
<div id='topMenu' macro='gradient vert [[ColorPalette::PrimaryLight]] [[ColorPalette::PrimaryMid]]'>
<span refresh='content' tiddler='SiteTitle' style="padding-left:1em;font-weight:bold;"></span>:
<span refresh='content' tiddler='MainMenu'></span>
</div>
<div id='sidebar'>
<div id='sidebarOptions'>
<div refresh='content' tiddler='SideBarOptions'></div>
<div style="margin-left:0.1em;"
macro='slider chkTabSliderPanel SideBarTabs {{"tabs \u00bb"}} "Show Timeline, All, Tags, etc"'></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id='displayArea'>
<div id='messageArea'></div>
<div id='tiddlerDisplay'></div>
</div>
For upgrading. See [[ImportTiddlers]].
URL: http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/upgrade.html
/***
|Description:|A place to put your config tweaks so they aren't overwritten when you upgrade MPTW|
See http://www.tiddlywiki.org/wiki/Configuration_Options for other options you can set. In some cases where there are clashes with other plugins it might help to rename this to zzMptwUserConfigPlugin so it gets executed last.
***/
//{{{
// example: set your preferred date format
//config.mptwDateFormat = 'MM/0DD/YY';
//config.mptwJournalFormat = 'Journal MM/0DD/YY';
// example: set the theme you want to start with
//config.options.txtTheme = 'MptwRoundTheme';
// example: switch off autosave, switch on backups and set a backup folder
//config.options.chkSaveBackups = true;
//config.options.chkAutoSave = false;
//config.options.txtBackupFolder = 'backups';
// uncomment to disable 'new means new' functionality for the new journal macro
//config.newMeansNewForJournalsToo = false;
//}}}
The pretext for Japanese imperialist expansion into China. It was a confrontation between Japanese troops and Chinese 'bandits' that lead to Japanese occupation of Manchuria by 1933 in the form of the puppet state 'Manchuguo'.
"Condition in which both [[Superpower]]s possessed the capacity to destroy their adversary even after being attacked first with nuclear weapons" GoWP, p. 77.
Non-governmental organizations.
A nation is "a group of politically aware, like-minded and sometimes kindred people" (SoISociety, p. 110).
A nation is different from a [[Tribe]] of people (fixed to [[Ethnicity]] and [[Tradition]]), it is a much more elastic term.
A "nation" can be based on the following:
''Language''
Often, nations are built or held together through a common language. "national languages were generally the opposite of what nationalist propagandists supposed them to be. They were not natural but artificial constructs - the creation of those who wanted to devise a standard idiom out of a variety of spoken dialects..." (SoISociety, p. 110.)
''Religion''
Other nations are built on a common religion. This may be true of Pakistan and Israel, but does not work for Canada.
''[[Ethnicity]]''
Some see the basis of the state in ethnicity. This can also be true in circumstances, but not all. Also, due to wars, depopulation, resettlement, etc. it is hard to distinguish ethnicity.
"Those interested in understanding [[Nation]]s and nationalism must consider the significance of certain words employed widely in everyday speech, specifically, motherland, fatherland, and homeland. The first and second words combine, respectively, the terms 'mother' and 'father', both of which refer to the relational decent of the child from those directly responsible for its biological generation, with the term 'land', which conveys the image of a bounded, yet extensive territory. The third word, 'homeland', combines reference to the familial dwelling and its immediate area in which the infant was conceived, nourished, and came to maturity with that image of a more extensive territory. This combination of terms implies a classificatory category of kinship. However, it is a form of kinship that revolves around the image of a bounded territory.
The idea that these three words share is the concept of one's 'native land'. This is found in all periods of history and throughout all civilizations... The appearance of these three words at any particular point in time may or may not indicate the existence of a nation. However, all three refer to the land of one's birth, ranging from village to tribal territory to nation. The continued use of these three words signifies that the image of a definate area of land can be a part of the self-understanding of the individual who, in turn, recognizes himself of herself to be related to those for whom that territory is also a native land. Thus, the category of kinship must be extended to include the classification and evaluation of the self as a consequence of the recognition of not only familial descent, but also descent within a particular territory." VSINationalism pp. 43-44.
"This metaphorical infusion of biological descent into spatial location [fatherland, motherland and homeland] is sustained because those inherited territorially bounded traditions are understood as defining part of you. Indeed, in so far as your existence as a member of a nation (and, thus, elements of your self-understanding) is in fact dependent upon those activities of past generations that have secured the land necessary for life, then what is involved in this metaphor is not merely metaphorical!" VSINationalism p. 50.
The intellectual core and objective of the [[Foreign Policy]] of a [[Nation State]]. The chief example of this is [[Survival]].
The national interest is an ambiguous term form of both //aspirational// and //operational// dimensions.
The views of national interest by the [[Realism]] and [[Rationalism]] perspectives differ greatly. Realists see national interests as an objective concept, to obtain more relative power. Rationalists see it as more of a subjective idea, differing for each state, or even government.
''What Shapes National Interest''
[[History]], Geography, [[Territory]]; lobbies, influential people, pressure groups. Politicians do not contrive policy by whim, it is based on many factors. It can reflect changes in dynamics of national or international military, political, or market dimensions. There is a fair amount of continuity; local rivalries are difficult to change, for example and there is a historical aspect to national interest and [[Foreign Policy]].
''Priorities of National Interest''
[[Security]], both in politics and military, national [[Sovereignty]].
Independence to act within the [[International System]]
Prestige, the esteem in which a nation is held.
"The concept is usually used in two related ways. One the one hand, the world //interest// implies a need that has, by some standard of justification, attained the status of an acceptable claim on behalf of the state. On the other hand, the national interest is also used to describe and support particular policies. The problem is how to determine the criteria that can establish a correspondence between the national interest expressed as a priciple and the sorts of policies by which it is advanced." IRKeyConcepts, p. 203.
There are two general attributes of these policies:
* The //inclusiveness//, that the policy should concern the nation, over and above the groups and societies within it.
* The //exclusiveness//, that does not represent the interests of groups outside of the state, though it may do so.
There are three approaches to the formulation of policy based on national interest:
# The policy is developed by those involved with the representation and development of [[Foreign Policy]]. This places a lot of emphasis on the elite governmental statesmen and creates a national interest that is "what we say it is".
# The [[realist|Realism]] approach, which determines national interest in the parameters of [[Security]] within the [[International System]] of [[Anarchy]]. This approach emphasises the importance of acquiring [[Power]], relative to other states.
# That the national interest is based on political process and democratic procedure.
IRKeyConcepts, pp. 203-5
"A fundamental value in the foreign policy of states" GoWP, p. 36.
Nationalism is an ideological pride in one's [[Nation]]. Nationalism differs from [[Patriotism]] by converting this pride in the state into principles and programmes of political action.
"Nationalism, as a doctrine, calls for the establishment of separate states, It invokes the distinct culture and history of peoples. It is, therefore, about how unique peoples are." GoWP, p. 441.
"nationalism is a sufficiently plastic notion to be equated with contradictory phenomena and has at least five different connotations. It is a collective sentiment focusing on and celebrating the political aspirations of a particular people; it is a theory relating to such political aspirations - an exclusive doctrine in the hands of the racist Right, an inclusive concept in the hands of the liberals and democratic Left; it is a political movement - subversive of the state when the aim is [[Secession]], supportive when the objective is enhancement or expansion; it is a process, that of nation-building by governments of states attempting to create a unified political entity out of a host of tribal ([[Tribe]]), ethnic ([[Ethnicity]]) and linguistic groupings; and, finally, it is a tool used by governments to justify whatever political or economic policy they choose to identify as being in the [[National Interest]]" SoISociety, p. 118.
Nationalism is a relatively new phenomenon. In medieval times, social identification was to your religion or occupation. It wasn't until the eighteenth century that people sought a common identity that was based on ethnicity, territory and political dimensions, within the secular.
Nationalism happens evolved over three moments in history:
# The [[Enlightenment]] and the development of concepts of [[Self-Determination]].
# The [[French Revolution]], uniting people under ideas of equality and citizenship for all.
# German //volk//, which developed a common history and identity through shared traditions. This leads into [[Ethnicity]].
Nationalism has had four major consequences in international relations:
# A new set of values evolved after the [[Peace of Westphalia]], relations between political units were based on separate [[Sovereign]] people.
# State building meant the development of common identities and specific self-concious cultures.
# The political map has been redrawn. In theory to match the units of population and culture. This isn't the case in reality, as the Kurds can testify, as history and politics have also had their influence.
# Nationalism has been the source of conflict and [[War]].
Also see [[Nation State Propaganda]].
"Distinctive of nationalism is the belief that the nation is the only goal worthy of pursuit - an assertion that often leads to the belief that the nation demands unquestioned and uncompromising loyalty. When such a belief about the nation becomes predominant, it can threaten individual liberty. Moreover, nationalism often asserts that other nations are implacable enemies of one's own nation; it injects hatred of what is perceived to be foreign, whether another nation, an immigrant, or a person who may practice another religion or speak a different language." VSINationalism, p. 5.
"When one divides the world into two irreconcilable and warring camps - one's own nation in opposition to all other nations - where the latter are viewed as one's implacable enemies, then, in contrast to patriotism, there is the ideology of nationalism. Nationalism repudiates civility and the differences that it tolerates by attempting to eliminate all differing views and interests for the sake of one vision of what the nation has been and should be. For example, a French nationalism might consist of the belief that to be a good member of the French nation, one must hate everything English and German; and anyone who does not, isn't truly French." VSINationalism p. 17.
"Certainly, the democratic conception of citizenship, an extensive market for manufactured goods and services, and advances in communication have all contributed to moulding previously distinct localities and their respective populations into a national community. Democracy promotes a belief in the equality of the members of the nation, thereby contributing mightily to the sense of the nation as a community. An extensive market for manufactured goods and services, and the advances in transportation that this requires, would do the same through fostering a sociological mobility of the population necessary for the developed division of labour of a modern economy. Individuals leave the countryside seeking jobs and education; they come together in the large cities of the nation. Universities and professional schools are established to educate and train these individuals - an education that includes the history of the nation. Clearly, advances in the forms of communication over the past four centuries (printed books, newspapers, radio television, the telephone, and films) have resulted in the creation of literate populations. They have stabilized the previously oral culture and its language through print. They have further dispersed that language throughout the nations territory, thereby promoting a national culture. A territorially bounded linguistic community is consolidated, as language becomes a 'marker' of membership ion the nation. All these factors contribute to the definition of the self in the collective self-conciousness of the nation." VSINationalism, p. 57-8.
The world economy is a competitive structure of knowledge, ideas, and institutions dominated by the interests of the major actors. The dominant actors control the structures and the powerful require the consent of the less powerful. Hegemony cannot be simple dominance of order, but also has to control informations structures as well.
Key Neo Idealists are: David [[Held]], Norberto [[Bobbio]], and Danielle [[Archibugi]].
They believe that the UN should be replaced with a [[Cosmopolitan Model of Democracy]]. This requires:
# The creation of regional parliaments and the extension of authority of existing regional bodies, like the EU.
# Human Rights conventions must be in all parliaments and montiored by a new International Court of Human Rights.
# Reform or replacement of [[United Nations]] to become a democratic and accountable global parliament.
The [[Democratic Peace]] thesis, traces back to [[Kant]]. Its takes the idea that two democratic states cannot go to war together because the people of each nation would not permit it. However, there has been a debate as to if this is true and if so why?
States and actors should be interested in ABSOLUTE GAINS, rather than relative gains.
Debate between Neo-Liberalism and Neo-Realism
A distinctive form of [[Realism]] developed by Kenneth Waltz, also known as [[Structural Realism]].
"Sometimes called 'new' or structural realism, this theoretical perspective is associated with the writings of K. N. Waltz, especially his influential Theory of International Politics (1979, see esp. Chapters 5-6). While retaining many of the basic features of 'classical' realism (eg states as key rational unitary actors and power as a central analytical concept), neorealism directs attention to the structural characteristics of an international system of states rather than to its component units. The concept of ‘structure’ here refers to the ordering or the ‘arrangement’ of the parts of a system, and in Waltz’s formulation it is the structural constraints of the global system itself, rather than the attributions of a particular component units, that to a large extent explain state behaviour and affect international outcomes. In Waltz’s words: ‘By depicting an international political system as a whole, with structural and unit levels at once distinct and connected, neorealism establishes the autonomy of international politics and thus makes theory about it possible. Neorealism develops the concept of a systems structure which at once bounds the domain that students of international politics deal with and enables them to see how the structure of the system, and variations in it, affect the interacting units an the outcome they produce. International structure emerges from the interaction of states and then constrains them from taking certain actions while propelling them toward others’. (Waltz, 1990)” DicIR, p. 364.
Neo-realist [[Security]] assumptions:
* The [[International System]] is based on [[Anarchy]]
* [[Nation State]]s with [[Sovereignty]] will develop offensive military [[Power]], and become dangerous to each other.
* The system is founded on uncertainty and a lack of trust of the actions of other nations, therefore it is impossible to let guard down.
* States may be rational, but there is always the possibility of miscalculation.
This leads to [[Security Dilemma Theory]].
Keohane, Robert O. //Neorealism and its Critics//. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
Presented by developing nations to the UN General Assembly in the 1970s to combat crippling [[New Protectionism]] policies in developed nations. Did not work, due to the lack of ability for the UN to enforce.
Marx saw [[Capitalism]] as a necessary part of the evolution to [[Marxism]].
A term referring to policies of developed nations in the 1970s that promoted protectionist tariffs to curb the flow of capital to Japan, Taiwan and South Korea.
"The general label given by [[Gorbachev]] to his reforms in domestic and foreign policy." GoWP, p. 109.
The system proposed at [[Bretton Woods]] after WWII.
/***
|Name:|NewHerePlugin|
|Description:|Creates the new here and new journal macros|
|Version:|3.0 ($Rev: 3861 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2008-03-08 10:53:09 +1000 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#NewHerePlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
***/
//{{{
merge(config.macros, {
newHere: {
handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
wikify("<<newTiddler "+paramString+" tag:[["+tiddler.title+"]]>>",place,null,tiddler);
}
},
newJournalHere: {
handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
wikify("<<newJournal "+paramString+" tag:[["+tiddler.title+"]]>>",place,null,tiddler);
}
}
});
//}}}
/***
|Name:|NewMeansNewPlugin|
|Description:|If 'New Tiddler' already exists then create 'New Tiddler (1)' and so on|
|Version:|1.1.1 ($Rev: 2263 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2007-06-13 04:22:32 +1000 (Wed, 13 Jun 2007) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/empty.html#NewMeansNewPlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
!!Note: I think this should be in the core
***/
//{{{
// change this or set config.newMeansNewForJournalsToo it in MptwUuserConfigPlugin
if (config.newMeansNewForJournalsToo == undefined) config.newMeansNewForJournalsToo = true;
String.prototype.getNextFreeName = function() {
var numberRegExp = / \(([0-9]+)\)$/;
var match = numberRegExp.exec(this);
if (match) {
var num = parseInt(match[1]) + 1;
return this.replace(numberRegExp," ("+num+")");
}
else {
return this + " (1)";
}
}
config.macros.newTiddler.checkForUnsaved = function(newName) {
var r = false;
story.forEachTiddler(function(title,element) {
if (title == newName)
r = true;
});
return r;
}
config.macros.newTiddler.getName = function(newName) {
while (store.getTiddler(newName) || config.macros.newTiddler.checkForUnsaved(newName))
newName = newName.getNextFreeName();
return newName;
}
config.macros.newTiddler.onClickNewTiddler = function()
{
var title = this.getAttribute("newTitle");
if(this.getAttribute("isJournal") == "true") {
title = new Date().formatString(title.trim());
}
// ---- these three lines should be the only difference between this and the core onClickNewTiddler
if (config.newMeansNewForJournalsToo || this.getAttribute("isJournal") != "true")
title = config.macros.newTiddler.getName(title);
var params = this.getAttribute("params");
var tags = params ? params.split("|") : [];
var focus = this.getAttribute("newFocus");
var template = this.getAttribute("newTemplate");
var customFields = this.getAttribute("customFields");
if(!customFields && !store.isShadowTiddler(title))
customFields = String.encodeHashMap(config.defaultCustomFields);
story.displayTiddler(null,title,template,false,null,null);
var tiddlerElem = story.getTiddler(title);
if(customFields)
story.addCustomFields(tiddlerElem,customFields);
var text = this.getAttribute("newText");
if(typeof text == "string")
story.getTiddlerField(title,"text").value = text.format([title]);
for(var t=0;t<tags.length;t++)
story.setTiddlerTag(title,tags[t],+1);
story.focusTiddler(title,focus);
return false;
};
//}}}
"A doctrine of equal treatment between states" GoWP, p. 36.
A concept of [[Liberalism]]. The belief that theories should be concerned with what ought to be, rather than merely diagnosing what is. Norm creation refers to the setting of standards in international relations which governments (and other actors) ought to meet.
Usually concerned with ethics, law and morality, have to do with concepts of obligation, duty and what we should do.
Jan Aart Scholte "The Globalization of World Politics", From Baylis and Smith, _The Globalization of World Politics_ pp.13-32
[[Globalization]] as:
# Encouraged increased direct transborder collaboration between provincial and municipal governments
# Brought major expansion of superstate regulation by regional and transworld governance agencies
# Private sector has taken active role in government, through market based supervisory agencies, lobbies and foundations.
# Civil society has organized and now operates on a global scale, in a number of ways
# Created a shift from a single focus state world order to a complex multilayer global order
There are several aspects to [[Globalization]]:
* Communications; as in the advent of international communications, email, sat comms, CNN, BBC, etc.
* Organizations; transnational corporations and NGOs, as in: Disney, Coke, Amnesty
* Ecology; globalized issues like climate change
* Production; as in global factories, trade/customs zones, etc.
* Military; ballistic missiles, spy sats, international alliances that are independent of area, like the "Coelition of the Willing", etc.
Democracy in Globalization:
* Superstate agencies are Not Democratic: UN has no popular election of representatives. No vote over policies handed down by IMF. Need invite to World Economic Forum. Superstate agencies controlled by the world's elite.
* Global Civic Society also not democratic. Most member of NGOs and global interest groups are white European or North American.
* Democratic state governments are undermined by superstate agencies, ie IMF. Thoroughly democratic state no longer possible in the globalized world.
* International companies and corporations and global market has deep inequality; prefer rule of effieciency over democracy.
Joseph Nye
Key thinking of Liberal Institutionalism
* Co-writer of: [[Globalization: Whats New?]]
Mill, John Stuart. //On Liberty and Other Essays//. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Originally published in 1869.
John Stuart [[Mill]]'s avocation of liberty, freedom and individualism.
Chapter 1: Introduction,
* Liberty as a concept will become more important in the future; so it requires a new treatment.
* Historically, leadership was necessary to keep the weaker from prosecution, yet a defence against the leadership has been important to keep it from growing too powerful.
* Then evolved a system of limits on the power of the ruling class, first by recognising political liberties and rights, then by establishment of constitutional checks and consent of the community to represent the interests of the people. This shifted the power from the leadership to the people over the leadership.
* The will of the people remains the will of the majority. The majority is defined as the most active part of the population.
* The result of this is the need for protection against the "Tyranny of the Majority"
* Now evolves a situation where it is not enough to maintain defence against the tyranny of the leadership, but also an active defence the tyranny of the majority.
* To do this requires a definition and rules of social conduct, both legal and in social acceptance.
* As laws are usually defined by the most powerful, and people's opinions and actions are defined by their outlook and self-interest and/or class interest.
* Thesis: "the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection. That the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others."
* There are exceptions and difficulties to this: these principles apply to adults, not children. Sometimes liberty creates problems, but these are the exception, not the rule.
* The regions of liberty is based on:
# The liberty of conscience, of thought and feeling, of expression.
# The liberty of tastes and pursuits, of what we want to do.
# The liberty to unite so long as it does not cause harm to others.
* No society is completely free until these objectives are completely filled.
Chapter 2:
"A stable pattern of relations among international actors that sustains a set of common goals or purposes... For order to exist, two conditions must be present. First, the actors must tacitly agree to abide by certain uniform practices that preserve the [[International System]] as a whole. Second, armed conflict must not be so pervasive as to undermine the integrity of the system" IRKeyConcepts, p. 223.
Hedley [[Bull]] finds three different levels of order in International Relations:
* ''Order in social life'', [[Society]], on the most abstract level, is the fundamental arrangements in society. It allows for the such goals as basic [[Security]] and protection of private property.
* ''[[International Order]]'' works to achieve the basic goals between states, such as the preservations of [[International Society]], peace and [[Stability]], the development of [[International Law]] and the [[Sovereignty]] of individual states.
* ''[[World Order]]'', the third and highest, is among humanity. [[Bull]] writes that the [[Nation State]] is not the only way for politics to structure. It is a transient state of affairs, and will be superseded or transcended by new systems of organization.
IRKeyConcepts, pp. 223-5
"The West German government's 'Eastern Policy' of the mid to late 1960s, designed to develop relations between West Germany and members of the [[Warsaw Pact]]" GoWP, p. 77.
Patriotism is pride in one's [[Nation State]]. It differs from [[Nationalism]] by not converting this pride into ideology or political action.
The series of treaties that ended the [[Thirty Years War (1618-48)]]. It is credited with creating the structure that the [[Nation State]] was to evolve out of. The treaty established two core principles:
* //rex est imperator in regno suo//, that the King is sovereign within his own domain and not subject to the political will of others. This established a king and dynasty as the absolute power of a [[Territory]]. This went far to establish the [[Sovereignty]] of a [[Nation State]].
* //Cuius regio, eius religio//, that the king has the power to determine the religion of the realm, prohibiting the influence of others states on the religious politics of the land. Also, was the start and basis of [[International Law]].
IRKeyConcepts, pp. 237-9.
"Policy of restructuring, pursued by Gorbachev in tandem with [[Glasnost]], and intended to modernise the Soviet political and economic system" GoWP, p. 77.
In [[World System Theory]], the term that refers to the outside poor areas that play into the wealthy industrial areas called the [[Core]]
The following tiddlers describe philosophical theory.
A concept of [[Liberalism]]. An umbrella term, borrowed from American political science, used to signify International Relations theorists who rejected the view of [[Realism]] of the primacy of the state and the coherence of the state-as-actor. Pluralists see the state as primary actor as a simplistic understanding of the world order, which understates the importance of TNCs and other non-state actors, and the possibilities for these other actors to provide new avenues of co-operation and [[Interdependence]].
This is due to the complex nature of the 'cobwebs' of interlinkages between and through states. Governments no longer control the flows of information, capital, ideas, goods or people that work between them. Meanwhile new organisations work and cooperate over borders like never before, and TNCs have greater powers, some in control of economies that are larger than most states.
This [[Interdependence]] is at unprecedented levels, causing a situation where the state is both sensitive and vulnerable to each other in many ways and at many different levels. A coup in Fiji affects Finland.
Pluralism affects all international actors, and can work in in six different areas:
''Economic Interdependence''
Trade and division of labour in a globalised market.
''Political Interdependence''
The links between political actors has become more pronounced. James [[Rosenau]] notes this happens in three ways: ''Reactive linkages'', when a state acts domestically or internationally in order to fix a domestic or international problem. ''Emulative linkages'', when actors copy the actions of another actor. ''Penetrative Linkages'', when links spread internationally.
''Strategic/Institutional/Ecological Interdependence''
As in, collective defences. As found with military interests, but also social, as in Amnesty International, or ecological, as in Greenpeace.
''Policy Making''
Policy is more and more becoming an international discussion, say pluralists, as borders blur.
A key essay in this concept is [["World Society"]] by John Burton.
SoISociety, pp. 28-31.
Boucher, David and Kelly, Paul (editors) Political Thinkers; From Socrates to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
A [[Community]] who wishes to govern itself and be free from the rule of others.
At first the political community was made up of City States, such as the Polis in Ancient Greece. Then came the empires, like that of the Persians, Romans, etc. With the Peace of Westphalia the western world shifted to a new concept of [[Territorial State]]s. Most would say this is the birth of the [[Nation State]], but Andrew [[Linklater]] disagrees. In GoWP, p. 620: "They were territorial states governed by absolutist monarchs engaged in a struggle for security and survival." He goes on to say that the [[Territorial State]] was fundementally different from previous states, and was replaced by the [[Nation State]] about 200 years ago with the French Revolution.
* [[Territorial State]]s were able to control most aspects of society, and built up vast amounts of power.
* They turned into massive global empires.
These states gradually, though the rise of [[Endemic Warfare]], [[Capitalism]], and possibly through [[Print Capitalism]], evolved into [[Nation State]]s.
* These states are not natural; the emergence of a common language stemmed from the need for communications in commerce, to communicate at the market.
* The nation state was reinforced by an idea of national identity, caused by national education systems, common values, printed common symbols and language.
* This lead to the use of [[Nationalism]] by the state elite as reinforcing of common values to assist with industrialization and warfare.
* This [[Nationalism]] is a European invention, and has now been exported worldwide, taking roots in developing nations.
* Many of these developing "political communities" have not been able to become [[Nation State]]s, and have fractured into ethnic groups and violence.
* This mass export of the European concept of Nation State and Nationalism is one of the most important dimensions of globalization.
As the nation state developed and grew in power, demands for [[Citizenship]] also increased.
* Originally over legal and political rights, but eventually for social and welfare rights as well.
* That these citizens won their rights has created a lot more stability in the nation state.
[[Modernization Theory]] has stated that Western successes in Liberal Democracy has solved the social conflicts that have emerged from Industrialization, and assumes that non-Western will follow the same ideas.
Looks at what actors, institutions and agents, and how they should act. Positive theorists explain what is happening and predict what should happen.
an approach to the study of International relations that emerged in the 1980s, characterised by three themes:
first, postmodernists are hostile towards claims to universal or absolute truth. They reject the idea of an external reality independent of our perceptions and the language used to express those perceptions, and therefore are they claim to undermine the traditional distinction between theory and practice. Postmodernists argue that all truth claims are based on metanarratives, or background worldviews, according to which particular claims to truth or value legitimated or rejected. The abiding post-modern hostility to these paradigms is summed up in the classic definition of post-modernism as incredulity toward metanarratives.in particular, we should be wary of the claims of the dominant narratives of modernity, the competing account of universal human nature, knowledge and historical progress that constitute the various streams of the Enlightenment project, notably those of realism, liberalism, Marxism, and modern scientific methods. Post-modernists claim that such narratives reporting to legitimate bodies of knowledge or ethical and political systems are not themselves legitimated by any further foundation. Rather, they stand alone as a separate and distinct discourse talking across one another. When they come into conflict there is no way to adjudicate among them.
Second, post-modernists seek to unmask putatively emancipatory grand narratives as oppressive. Particular liberations have given birth to new forms of caging. Liberalism has emancipated us from feudalism only to deliver us to capitalism. Marxism has merely replaced capitalism with Stalinism. Modern science has neglected and marginalised pre-modern forms of human knowledge.
there are in Seoul Farrer as post-modernism does not have the distinctive ethical position of its own, it might be summed up as respect for difference. we should be wary of any large scale programmes of liberation. Rather than revolution, our focus should be resistance at a local specific level. We should turn away from universalist understandings and principles towards a heightened respect and fostering otherness.
IRKeyConcepts pp. 251-2.
"At its simplest, power in interstate relations may be defined as a state's ability to control, or at least influence, other states or the outcome of events." IRKeyConcepts, p. 253. There are two dimensions to power, internal and external:
* Internal power is the capacity for action by a state, autonomy.
* External power is the capacity to control, affect, and influence others.
Power means different things to different schools:
* To realists, power is a relative relational concept and is defined in militaristic terms. That means that power cannot be measured on its own, and is measured against, relative to, competitor states.
* Liberal Realists is different in defining power more as prestige, or the ability of the state to get what it needs through diplomatic influence or authority as well as with military might.
* Kenneth [[Waltz]] shifted the focus of state strength from power to [[Capabilities]], which defines the power of a state more broadly.
An integral part of [[International Society]] is the ability to minimize the opportunity for international conflict, [[War]].
Hedley [{Bull]] argues that though Hugo [[Grotius]] is correct when he claims that often states go to war under a pretext when their motives are quite different. [[Bull]] says this may be the case, but it is an important part of the rules. At least [[Nation State]]s must provide an explanation for why they are going to war, and those who do follow this system are less of a threat than those who do not provide any justification for their violence. It also shows respect for the [[Rules]] of [[International Society]] and not holding all other states in contempt. This practise of "playing the game" of diplomacy, even if its no more than a display, is acknowledgement of the systems of [[International Society]].
AnarchSociety, pp. 43-44.
/***
|Name:|PrettyDatesPlugin|
|Description:|Provides a new date format ('pppp') that displays times such as '2 days ago'|
|Version:|1.0 ($Rev: 3646 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2008-02-27 02:34:38 +1000 (Wed, 27 Feb 2008) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#PrettyDatesPlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
!!Notes
* If you want to you can rename this plugin. :) Some suggestions: LastUpdatedPlugin, RelativeDatesPlugin, SmartDatesPlugin, SexyDatesPlugin.
* Inspired by http://ejohn.org/files/pretty.js
***/
//{{{
Date.prototype.prettyDate = function() {
var diff = (((new Date()).getTime() - this.getTime()) / 1000);
var day_diff = Math.floor(diff / 86400);
if (isNaN(day_diff)) return "";
else if (diff < 0) return "in the future";
else if (diff < 60) return "just now";
else if (diff < 120) return "1 minute ago";
else if (diff < 3600) return Math.floor(diff/60) + " minutes ago";
else if (diff < 7200) return "1 hour ago";
else if (diff < 86400) return Math.floor(diff/3600) + " hours ago";
else if (day_diff == 1) return "Yesterday";
else if (day_diff < 7) return day_diff + " days ago";
else if (day_diff < 14) return "a week ago";
else if (day_diff < 31) return Math.ceil(day_diff/7) + " weeks ago";
else if (day_diff < 62) return "a month ago";
else if (day_diff < 365) return "about " + Math.ceil(day_diff/31) + " months ago";
else if (day_diff < 730) return "a year ago";
else return Math.ceil(day_diff/365) + " years ago";
}
Date.prototype.formatString_orig_mptw = Date.prototype.formatString;
Date.prototype.formatString = function(template) {
return this.formatString_orig_mptw(template).replace(/pppp/,this.prettyDate());
}
// for MPTW. otherwise edit your ViewTemplate as required.
// config.mptwDateFormat = 'pppp (DD/MM/YY)';
config.mptwDateFormat = 'pppp';
//}}}
A classification developed by Martin [[Wight]].
Differentiates from [[Secondary State Systems]] by the fact that it is wholly a system composed of states, like our modern system. AnarchSociety p. 11.
With the invention of the printing press comes "Print Capitalism" which made the development of a national consciousness possible, as it could be reinforced with books, pamphlets, newspaper, national symbols, and eventually radio, TV, and the Internet. This was important as it created a common identity and a common sense of past, which people who had never met could both identify each other through.
There are several fundamental problems within the modern [[World International Society]].
* There is no common culture that underlies this [[International Society]]. Unlike before in the [[Christian International Society]] and [[European International Society]] when there was a common value system to support the society.
* If the World International Society is to develop, it will have to have the consent of all cultures and not just be based on European tradition.
* The diversity of the global society is much more pronounced and complex than seen previously in Europe.
* Since 1945 there has been a solidification of territorial boundaries. This makes it difficult to account for migrations and shifts in populations and shift states accordingly.
* Doctrines of non-intervention has made it difficult to respond to [[Human Rights]] issues and deal with the essential problems within [[Failed State]]s.
* Though technically all states have equal [[Sovereignty]], this is not the truth in practise. There is a large gap between the north and south or Western states and African ones.
* Through this evolution to a World International Society there have evolved issues of [[Sovereignty]] and the structure of its foundation in the [[Nation State]].
A state which has "negative sovereignty" because other states respect its sovereignty, but does not have "positive sovereignty" because it has not the resources to satisfy its people.
/***
|Name:|QuickOpenTagPlugin|
|Description:|Changes tag links to make it easier to open tags as tiddlers|
|Version:|3.0.1 ($Rev: 3861 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2008-03-08 10:53:09 +1000 (Sat, 08 Mar 2008) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#QuickOpenTagPlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
***/
//{{{
config.quickOpenTag = {
dropdownChar: (document.all ? "\u25bc" : "\u25be"), // the little one doesn't work in IE?
createTagButton: function(place,tag,excludeTiddler) {
// little hack so we can do this: <<tag PrettyTagName|RealTagName>>
var splitTag = tag.split("|");
var pretty = tag;
if (splitTag.length == 2) {
tag = splitTag[1];
pretty = splitTag[0];
}
var sp = createTiddlyElement(place,"span",null,"quickopentag");
createTiddlyText(createTiddlyLink(sp,tag,false),pretty);
var theTag = createTiddlyButton(sp,config.quickOpenTag.dropdownChar,
config.views.wikified.tag.tooltip.format([tag]),onClickTag);
theTag.setAttribute("tag",tag);
if (excludeTiddler)
theTag.setAttribute("tiddler",excludeTiddler);
return(theTag);
},
miniTagHandler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
var tagged = store.getTaggedTiddlers(tiddler.title);
if (tagged.length > 0) {
var theTag = createTiddlyButton(place,config.quickOpenTag.dropdownChar,
config.views.wikified.tag.tooltip.format([tiddler.title]),onClickTag);
theTag.setAttribute("tag",tiddler.title);
theTag.className = "miniTag";
}
},
allTagsHandler: function(place,macroName,params) {
var tags = store.getTags(params[0]);
var filter = params[1]; // new feature
var ul = createTiddlyElement(place,"ul");
if(tags.length == 0)
createTiddlyElement(ul,"li",null,"listTitle",this.noTags);
for(var t=0; t<tags.length; t++) {
var title = tags[t][0];
if (!filter || (title.match(new RegExp('^'+filter)))) {
var info = getTiddlyLinkInfo(title);
var theListItem =createTiddlyElement(ul,"li");
var theLink = createTiddlyLink(theListItem,tags[t][0],true);
var theCount = " (" + tags[t][1] + ")";
theLink.appendChild(document.createTextNode(theCount));
var theDropDownBtn = createTiddlyButton(theListItem," " +
config.quickOpenTag.dropdownChar,this.tooltip.format([tags[t][0]]),onClickTag);
theDropDownBtn.setAttribute("tag",tags[t][0]);
}
}
},
// todo fix these up a bit
styles: [
"/*{{{*/",
"/* created by QuickOpenTagPlugin */",
".tagglyTagged .quickopentag, .tagged .quickopentag ",
" { margin-right:1.2em; border:1px solid #eee; padding:2px; padding-right:0px; padding-left:1px; }",
".quickopentag .tiddlyLink { padding:2px; padding-left:3px; }",
".quickopentag a.button { padding:1px; padding-left:2px; padding-right:2px;}",
"/* extra specificity to make it work right */",
"#displayArea .viewer .quickopentag a.button, ",
"#displayArea .viewer .quickopentag a.tiddyLink, ",
"#mainMenu .quickopentag a.tiddyLink, ",
"#mainMenu .quickopentag a.tiddyLink ",
" { border:0px solid black; }",
"#displayArea .viewer .quickopentag a.button, ",
"#mainMenu .quickopentag a.button ",
" { margin-left:0px; padding-left:2px; }",
"#displayArea .viewer .quickopentag a.tiddlyLink, ",
"#mainMenu .quickopentag a.tiddlyLink ",
" { margin-right:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-left:0px; margin-left:0px; }",
"a.miniTag {font-size:150%;} ",
"#mainMenu .quickopentag a.button ",
" /* looks better in right justified main menus */",
" { margin-left:0px; padding-left:2px; margin-right:0px; padding-right:0px; }",
"#topMenu .quickopentag { padding:0px; margin:0px; border:0px; }",
"#topMenu .quickopentag .tiddlyLink { padding-right:1px; margin-right:0px; }",
"#topMenu .quickopentag .button { padding-left:1px; margin-left:0px; border:0px; }",
"/*}}}*/",
""].join("\n"),
init: function() {
// we fully replace these builtins. can't hijack them easily
window.createTagButton = this.createTagButton;
config.macros.allTags.handler = this.allTagsHandler;
config.macros.miniTag = { handler: this.miniTagHandler };
config.shadowTiddlers["QuickOpenTagStyles"] = this.styles;
store.addNotification("QuickOpenTagStyles",refreshStyles);
}
}
config.quickOpenTag.init();
//}}}
An idea from Jurgen [[Habermas]] the [[Frankfurt School]] of [[Critical Theory]] in [[Marxist Theory]].
A system of wide participation through communication and action, by overcoming barriers to participation, in the state and beyond.
Raison D'Etat, french for Reasons of State.
A set of essential ideas that form the basis of the conduct of a statesman when involved in international politics.
"The fundamental princple of international conduct, the State's First Law of Motion. It tells the statesman what he must do to preserve the heath and strength of the state." historian Friedrich Meinecke, quoted GWP p. 142.
"Re-establishment of more friendly relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States in the early 1970s" GoWP, p. 77.
The idea that most actors will predictably act to maximize power or utility within incentives and institutions.
A community of International Relations, alongside [[Realism]] and [[Revolutionism]] (see [[Theory Translation Matrix]]). Most International Relations theory can be found under one of these three labels. 11Intro uses this classification system rather than the Liberalism/Realism/Marxism of GoWP or Realism/Pluralism/Constructivism of other places. Rationalism constitutes thinking in line with [[Liberalism]] or [[Pluralism]]. This system of classification was developed by Martin [[Wight]].
Rationalists believe that man acts on rational thought and social behaviour is not a product of fear or coercion. Where leadership and the state are just and responsible, there develops a [[Harmony of Interests]] between the people and the state. This means the state and leadership are responsible to the people and to society.
It is from this perspective that rationalists approach International Relations. Relations between states are can be rational, and work according to international discourse and be subject to arbitration through supranational institutions. This contrasts to [[Realist]] thinking where the state survives a struggle in a world surrounded by [[Anarchy]].
An important example of rationalist thinking was developed and exercised by Woodrow [[Wilson]] following the [[First World War]]. Wilson's [[Liberal Internationalism]] and his [[14 Points]] dominated the [[Treaty of Versailles (1919)]] negotiations, which developed the [[League of Nations]] and the intrawar world order.
One of the three major paradigms of International Relations, along with [[Rationalism]] and [[Revolutionism]] (see [[Theory Translation Matrix]]).
[[Realism]] as a [[school]] is a post [[Second World War]] idea, and the most dominant school since then. Realism follows in the traditions of the Power Politics of [[Machiavelli]], [[Hobbes]], and [[Thucydides]], who are referred to as [[Historical Realism]].
The fundamental beginning of the school was with the publication of E.H. [[Carr]]’s //The Twenty Years Crisis// in 1939. This book was highly critical of the ideas of [[Idealism]] and [[Liberal Internationalism]], putting forward Realist ideas as how things are and claiming Liberals were more interested in how things should be, they are [[Normative]]. The next torchbearer for Realism was Hans [[Morgenthau]] whose 1948 book //Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace// would be the textbook for realists until 1979, when Kenneth [[Waltz]] publishes //Theory of International Politics//. A book that has been very influential since then.
Generally, Realists believe the basic unit of International Politics is the [[Sovereign]] State, which must pursue [[Power]] in order to survive within the [[Anarchy]] of international politics.
As the state behaves within this environment of anarchy, unlike the citizen of the state who acts within the state under the authority of its government, realists believe in a [[Dual Moral Standard]]. This dual moral standard is important to realists as the state must act without the same morals and ethics of the citizen, due to the difference in the [[Structure]] of the world at International or domestic levels. The world at the state level is more violent than at the domestic, where ambitions or power seeking can be turned to other less violent ends, e.g. business. The state is seen as the moral end, and does not live by the moral means. Some realists even object to the notion of ethics in international politics at all. Realists see human rights as an imposition of ethics by one state over another. Without common culture and institutions, the international community is a dubious idea.
The essential three points of the realist triangle are: [[Statism]], [[Survival]] and [[Self Help]].
The statesman's highest priority, the basic [[National Interest]] is to ensure the survival of the state. All states wish to perpetuate their existence, but in a condition of anarchy this cannot be guaranteed. [[Power]] is therefore fundamental, and is defined in military strategic terms: the ability to achieve the desirable outcomes through the threat or use of force.
[[Self Help]] is the essence of action to the realist, who see this as the only real way to achieve anything on the international level. Realists do not depend on other actors, states or supernational entities (ie, UN), to look after its interests.
The mechanism that is central to preserving the sovereignty of states is the [[Balance of Power]]. This IR mechanism keeps one state from dominating by balancing the power that state holds with the collection of power of other states in alliance, combined. A classic example is that of the [[NATO]] states vs. the [[Warsaw Pact]] during the [[Cold War]].
There are different types of realism, some people look for the chronological aspect to divide them:
* Classical (pre-1945) ([[Hobbes]], [[Machiavelli]], and [[Thucydides]]),
* Modern (1945-1979) ([[Carr]], [[Morgenthau]], and
* Neorealism (1979-present) ([[Waltz]]).
GoWP classifys along theme:
* [[Structural Realism I]], based on human nature. [[Thucydides]], [[Morgenthau]].
* [[Structural Realism II]], based on the international system. [[Rousseau]], [[Waltz]].
* [[Historical Realism]], also called Practical realism, [[Machiavelli]], [[Carr]].
* [[Liberal Realism]], there can be a common set of rules which states can conform to. [[Hobbes]]
IRKeyConcepts pp. 261-3.
GoWP pp 141-161.
See [[Raison D'Etat]].
"The practical application of the doctrine of realism and virtually synonymous" GoWP, p. 36.
"[[Gorbachev]]'s term (associated with his [[New Thinking]] in foreign policy) for a defence policy that relied on the minimum necessary level of weaponry consistent with [[National Security]], and designed to overcome the spiralling dynamics of the [[Nuclear Arms Race]]." GoWP, p. 109.
"Membership in the [[International System]] depends on the general recognition by other states of a government's [[Sovereignty]] within its [[Territory]]. Such recognition is extended formally through the establishment of diplomatic relations and by membership to the [[United Nations]]. It does not necessarily imply that a government has popular support but only that it (usually) controls the state's territory and agrees to assume its obligations in the [[International System]]... in other words, the act of recognition establishes the status of a political entity in [[International Society]]." IRKeyConcepts, p. 263.
IRKeyConcepts pp. 263-5.
/***
|''Name:''|ReferrersMacro|
|''Version:''|2.0 (2-Mar-2006)|
|''Author:''|[[Jack]]|
|''Type:''|Macro|
!Description
Display a list of tiddlers linking to this plugin.
!Usage
{{{<<referrers>>}}}
!Revision History
* Original by [[Jack]] 2-Mar-2006
!To Do
* List non-explicit links (e.g. from tagging macro)
!Code
***/
//{{{
version.extensions.referrers = {major: 2, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date("Mar 2, 2006")};
config.macros.referrers = {};
config.macros.referrers.handler = function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler)
{
var tiddlers = store.getReferringTiddlers(tiddler.title);
var theList = createTiddlyElement(place,"ul");
for(var t=0; t<tiddlers.length; t++)
if (!params[0] || tiddlers[t].tags.contains(params[0]))
createTiddlyLink(createTiddlyElement(theList,"li"),tiddlers[t].title,true);
}
//}}}
The sixteenth century Protestant Reformation shifted politics in Europe in several ways:
* It saw the destruction of political order based on Christianity. This situation was growing more and more unstable.
"Regimes are sets of princlples, procedures, norms, or rules that govern particular issue areas within international relations. Regimes are important because they facilitate some form of global governance in [the realm of [[Anarchy]]]. They reflect the fact that states often have converging interests and are willing to cooperate to achieve cetain outcomes" IRKeyConcepts, p. 272.
Regimes can be:
* Conventions
* International agreements
* Treaties
* International institutions (e.g. [[United Nations]])
"Regimes provide a regulatory framework for states that facilitates a semblance of global governance" IRKeyConcepts, p. 272.
The 4 defining elements of a regime:
# ''Principles'': provided by the theoretical statements of how the systems work.
# ''Norms'': outline the standards of behaviour, the rights and obligations of the states in the regime. Between the //norms// and //principles//, the basic concept of the regime is defined.
# ''Rules'': "reconcile the conflicts which may exist between the //principles// and //norms//" GoWP, p. 303.
# ''Decision-Making Procedures'': how the decisions are made within the regime, for example: a system of voting.
''The Different types of Regimes:''
* [[Tacit Regime]]: and informal system of observed rules.
* [[Dead-Letter Regime]]: a regime that is put in place even when there is no expectation of upholding it's rules or system.
* [[Full-Blown Regime]]: when there is a high expectation that the rules will be followed.
* Also, regimes can be classified on a geographical basis: bilateral, regional or global.
''Examples of Regimes:''
* Security Regime: Partial Test Ban Treaty (1963)
* Environmental Regime: Kyoto Treaty
* Communications Regime: Universal Postal Union (1874)
* Economic Regime: GATT, WTO
"Since the 1970s, theoretical inquiry into regimes has developed into a growth industry. Today, there are at least three main divisions within contemporary regime theory:
* //Realist Theories// stress the role of power in generating cooperation between states.
* //Interest-based theories// highlight the value of regimes in promoting the common interests of states.
* //Knowledge-based theories// focus primarily on the way that ideas and norms shape perceptions of international problems and the role of regimes in this process" IRKeyConcepts, p. 273.
Regimes are very important for international stability, especially for relations on problems that do not respect [[Territory]] or political boundaries and require cooperation.
There are ideological differences on how to view regimes, as can be seen by the competition between the adherents of [[Liberal Institutionalism]] and [[Realism]]. Both agree that:
* States work within a system of [[Anarchy]]
* States are rational acting units within the [[International System]].
* States establish regimes
* Regimes establish cooperation and maintain order within the [[International System]]
However, each disagree on their assessment of regimes:
| [[Liberal Institutionalism]] | [[Realism]] |
| Regimes enable collaboration between states | Regimes allow states to coordinate |
| Regimes are a common good | Regimes have different benefits for different states |
| Regimes work best when promoted and maintained by a benign hegemon | [[Power]] is still central to regime foundations and formulations |
| Regimes promote a [[globalised|Globalization]], liberal world | The world order is based on the principles and norms of regimes |
[[Theories of Regime Formation]]
IRKeyConcepts, pp. 272-3.
GoWP, pp. 299-313.
"In the world of banking, the process of moving funds or business activity from one country ot another, in order to increase profits by escaping the constraints imposed by government regulations. By analogy the term can be applied to any transfer of economic activity by any company in response to government policy." GoWP, p. 362.
The technical and institutional relationships of organization within the [[Means of Production]], and control of the end-product. Private property and wage labour are key elements of the relations of production.
The second appearance of [[International Society]], after [[Hellenic Greece]].
Small Italian city states like Venice and Florence broke free from the grip of the Church and medieval empire. There was a flourishing of the arts and sciences, return to the ancient texts of antiquity.
With this development, Italians are forming the basics of the modern state. This would expand and evolve into the [[Christian International Society]], then [[European International Society]].
/***
|Name:|RenameTagsPlugin|
|Description:|Allows you to easily rename or delete tags across multiple tiddlers|
|Version:|3.0 ($Rev: 5501 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2008-06-10 23:11:55 +1000 (Tue, 10 Jun 2008) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#RenameTagsPlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
Rename a tag and you will be prompted to rename it in all its tagged tiddlers.
***/
//{{{
config.renameTags = {
prompts: {
rename: "Rename the tag '%0' to '%1' in %2 tidder%3?",
remove: "Remove the tag '%0' from %1 tidder%2?"
},
removeTag: function(tag,tiddlers) {
store.suspendNotifications();
for (var i=0;i<tiddlers.length;i++) {
store.setTiddlerTag(tiddlers[i].title,false,tag);
}
store.resumeNotifications();
store.notifyAll();
},
renameTag: function(oldTag,newTag,tiddlers) {
store.suspendNotifications();
for (var i=0;i<tiddlers.length;i++) {
store.setTiddlerTag(tiddlers[i].title,false,oldTag); // remove old
store.setTiddlerTag(tiddlers[i].title,true,newTag); // add new
}
store.resumeNotifications();
store.notifyAll();
},
storeMethods: {
saveTiddler_orig_renameTags: TiddlyWiki.prototype.saveTiddler,
saveTiddler: function(title,newTitle,newBody,modifier,modified,tags,fields,clearChangeCount,created) {
if (title != newTitle) {
var tagged = this.getTaggedTiddlers(title);
if (tagged.length > 0) {
// then we are renaming a tag
if (confirm(config.renameTags.prompts.rename.format([title,newTitle,tagged.length,tagged.length>1?"s":""])))
config.renameTags.renameTag(title,newTitle,tagged);
if (!this.tiddlerExists(title) && newBody == "")
// dont create unwanted tiddler
return null;
}
}
return this.saveTiddler_orig_renameTags(title,newTitle,newBody,modifier,modified,tags,fields,clearChangeCount,created);
},
removeTiddler_orig_renameTags: TiddlyWiki.prototype.removeTiddler,
removeTiddler: function(title) {
var tagged = this.getTaggedTiddlers(title);
if (tagged.length > 0)
if (confirm(config.renameTags.prompts.remove.format([title,tagged.length,tagged.length>1?"s":""])))
config.renameTags.removeTag(title,tagged);
return this.removeTiddler_orig_renameTags(title);
}
},
init: function() {
merge(TiddlyWiki.prototype,this.storeMethods);
}
}
config.renameTags.init();
//}}}
The term: [[Sovereignty]] is used in two contexts:
[[Internal Sovereignty]]
What happens in its borders
[[External Sovereignty]]
How the rest of the world recognizes it.
For example: the Islamic government in Iran has "internal sovereignty", as it controls the politics of the nation. Its "[[External Sovereignty]]" however, is slightly compromised by the fact that the US refuses to recognize it.
The governments in exile have "external sovereignty" in that they represent their country at the UN, etc. However, they do not rule their country so have no "[[Internal Sovereignty]]".
* The [[Recognition]] of a governments sovereign right to rule is largely dependent on their ability to conform to the rules of basic [[Human Rights]].
* Governments have the right to do what they want within their borders as long as they do not use this autonomy to violate basic human rights.
* This importance of [[Human Rights]] is new. But there have always been similar constraints on [[Sovereignty]], ie regarding religion, etc.
* The international system used to use systems of [[Military Alliance]]s to balance power, now has evolved to [[Multilateralism]]
* The difference is that the alliance system was exclusive. You held power between nation states against other nation states. With [[Multilateralism]] the system is inclusive, they are agreements on a common sense of rules that anyone can join as long as they achieve those rules.
An example is of the UN. To join the UN a nation must restrict areas of its sovereignty to be included, but by doing this, gets to exercise more sovereignty in other ways.
One of the critiques of globalization is that it is a "race to the regulatory bottom". That nations will de-regulate as much as they can in order to attract foreign and corporate investment. The evidence is that this rarely happens. Most governments still retain a choice over their regulatory standards.
A community of International Relations, alongside [[Realism]] and [[Rationalism]] (see [[Theory Translation Matrix]]). Most International Relations theory can be found under one of these three labels. 11Intro uses this classification system rather than the Liberalism/Realism/Marxism of GoWP or Realism/Pluralism/Constructivism of other places. Revolutionism constitutes thinking in line with [[Marxism]] or [[Constructivism]]. This system of classification was developed by Martin Wight.
The revolutionist thinking does not accommodate any existing world orders, by principle. These are corrupt and unjust and do not allow man to live to his/her potential. Revolutionists wage a struggle against existing forms of government until their objectives are realized.
Wight also sees [[Jihad]]ist movements in revolutionism.
A key figure in Revolutionism is Joseph [[Stalin]]. Stalin saw wars less of a political struggle than an ideological one. These clashes would continue so long as there was [[Capitalism]]. The goal of [[Stalinism]] was to rid the world of [[Capitalism]] so that international [[Communism]] could be realized.
The following Tiddlers need a complete rewrite.
"A state's right to wage war in its own defence" GoWP, p. 36.
/***
|Name:|SaveCloseTiddlerPlugin|
|Description:|Provides two extra toolbar commands, saveCloseTiddler and cancelCloseTiddler|
|Version:|3.0 ($Rev: 5502 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2008-06-10 23:31:39 +1000 (Tue, 10 Jun 2008) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#SaveCloseTiddlerPlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
To use these you must add them to the tool bar in your EditTemplate
***/
//{{{
merge(config.commands,{
saveCloseTiddler: {
text: 'done/close',
tooltip: 'Save changes to this tiddler and close it',
handler: function(ev,src,title) {
var closeTitle = title;
var newTitle = story.saveTiddler(title,ev.shiftKey);
if (newTitle)
closeTitle = newTitle;
return config.commands.closeTiddler.handler(ev,src,closeTitle);
}
},
cancelCloseTiddler: {
text: 'cancel/close',
tooltip: 'Undo changes to this tiddler and close it',
handler: function(ev,src,title) {
// the same as closeTiddler now actually
return config.commands.closeTiddler.handler(ev,src,title);
}
}
});
//}}}
Secession is interesting as it forms as [[Revolution]] does but does not require a complete change in the state's power, it only acts in an area of the state.
Secession works in several different ways:
* Minority groups secede
* Majority groups of people can secede
* The right to secede is usually held by the groups rather than the individuals.
The Second World War destroys most of Europe and bankrupts the [[Great Powers]] other than the US. It fundamentally changes the structure of the world order, and is considered to be a break down in the [[Liberal Internationalism]], [[League of Nations]] of the [[Inter War Period]].
A classification system developed my Martin [[Wight]].
Differentiates from [[Primary State Systems]] in being composed of state systems, not just states, and quite often [[Suzerain State Systems]]. AnarchSociety, p. 11.
The long term product of the [[Cyclical Rhythms]] is an overall trend of the [[World Economy]], either growth or [[Contradiction]].
"A nation is secure to the extent to which it is not in danger of having to sacrifice core values if it wishes to avoid [[War]], and is able, if challenged, to maintain them by victory in such a war." Walter Lippmann, GoWP, p. 255.
"Security, in any objective sense, measures the absence of threats to acquired values and in a subjective sense, the absence of fear that such values will be attacked." Arnold Wolfers, GoWP, p. 255.
"In the case of security, the discussion is about the pursuit of freedom from threat. When this discussion is in the context of the [[International System]], security is about the ability of states and societies to maintain their independent identity and their functional integrity." Barry Buzan, GoWP, p. 255.
"Stable security can only be achieved by people and groups if they do not deprive others of it; this can be achieved if security is conceived as a process of [[Emancipation]]" Booth and Wheeler, GoWP, p. 255.
"A security community is a group of people which has become 'integrated'. By integration we mean the attainment, within a [[Territory]], of a 'sense of community' and of institutions and practices strong enough and wide spread enough to assure... dependable expectations of 'peaceful change' among its population. By a 'sense of community' we mean a belief ... that common social problems must and can be resolved by processes of 'peaceful change'." Karl Deutsch, GoWP, p. 260.
"Security [[Regime]]s occur when a group of states cooperate to manage their disputes and avoid war by seeking to mute the [[security dilemma|Security Dilemma Theory]] both by their own actions and by their assumptions about the behaviour of others." Robert Jervis, GoWP, p. 260.
"A security complex involves a group of states whose primary security concerns link together sufficiently closely that their [[national securities|National Security]] cannot realistically be considered apart from one another." Barry Buzan, GoWP, p. 260.
In order for one state, through [[Self Help]], to ensure its [[Survival]] it must increase its security. The increase of [[Security]] in one state is linked directly to the decrease of security in other state.
A concept that rests on the assumption that security is something for which states compete. The [[International System]] lacks any system capable of ensuring order, and states have to look to their own efforts for protection. Striving to obtain this, they are driven to acquire more and more power in order to escape the impact of the power of other states. This, in turn, makes the other states more insecure and encourages them to prepare for the worst. Since no state can ever feel entirely secure in such a world of competing states, competition follows, and the result is a rising spiral of insecurity among states. The security dilemma describes a condition in which effort to improve national security have the effect of appearing to threaten other states, thereby provoking [[Military]] counter moves. This in turn can lead to a net decrease in security for all states.
IRKeyConcepts pp. 291-3.
/***
|Name:|SelectThemePlugin|
|Description:|Lets you easily switch theme and palette|
|Version:|1.0.1 ($Rev: 3646 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2008-02-27 02:34:38 +1000 (Wed, 27 Feb 2008) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#SelectThemePlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
!Notes
* Borrows largely from ThemeSwitcherPlugin by Martin Budden http://www.martinswiki.com/#ThemeSwitcherPlugin
* Theme is cookie based. But set a default by setting config.options.txtTheme in MptwConfigPlugin (for example)
* Palette is not cookie based. It actually overwrites your ColorPalette tiddler when you select a palette, so beware.
!Usage
* {{{<<selectTheme>>}}} makes a dropdown selector
* {{{<<selectPalette>>}}} makes a dropdown selector
* {{{<<applyTheme>>}}} applies the current tiddler as a theme
* {{{<<applyPalette>>}}} applies the current tiddler as a palette
* {{{<<applyTheme TiddlerName>>}}} applies TiddlerName as a theme
* {{{<<applyPalette TiddlerName>>}}} applies TiddlerName as a palette
***/
//{{{
config.macros.selectTheme = {
label: {
selectTheme:"select theme",
selectPalette:"select palette"
},
prompt: {
selectTheme:"Select the current theme",
selectPalette:"Select the current palette"
},
tags: {
selectTheme:'systemTheme',
selectPalette:'systemPalette'
}
};
config.macros.selectTheme.handler = function(place,macroName)
{
var btn = createTiddlyButton(place,this.label[macroName],this.prompt[macroName],this.onClick);
// want to handle palettes and themes with same code. use mode attribute to distinguish
btn.setAttribute('mode',macroName);
};
config.macros.selectTheme.onClick = function(ev)
{
var e = ev ? ev : window.event;
var popup = Popup.create(this);
var mode = this.getAttribute('mode');
var tiddlers = store.getTaggedTiddlers(config.macros.selectTheme.tags[mode]);
// for default
if (mode == "selectPalette") {
var btn = createTiddlyButton(createTiddlyElement(popup,'li'),"(default)","default color palette",config.macros.selectTheme.onClickTheme);
btn.setAttribute('theme',"(default)");
btn.setAttribute('mode',mode);
}
for(var i=0; i<tiddlers.length; i++) {
var t = tiddlers[i].title;
var name = store.getTiddlerSlice(t,'Name');
var desc = store.getTiddlerSlice(t,'Description');
var btn = createTiddlyButton(createTiddlyElement(popup,'li'), name?name:t, desc?desc:config.macros.selectTheme.label['mode'], config.macros.selectTheme.onClickTheme);
btn.setAttribute('theme',t);
btn.setAttribute('mode',mode);
}
Popup.show();
return stopEvent(e);
};
config.macros.selectTheme.onClickTheme = function(ev)
{
var mode = this.getAttribute('mode');
var theme = this.getAttribute('theme');
if (mode == 'selectTheme')
story.switchTheme(theme);
else // selectPalette
config.macros.selectTheme.updatePalette(theme);
return false;
};
config.macros.selectTheme.updatePalette = function(title)
{
if (title != "") {
store.deleteTiddler("ColorPalette");
if (title != "(default)")
store.saveTiddler("ColorPalette","ColorPalette",store.getTiddlerText(title),
config.options.txtUserName,undefined,"");
refreshAll();
if(config.options.chkAutoSave)
saveChanges(true);
}
};
config.macros.applyTheme = {
label: "apply",
prompt: "apply this theme or palette" // i'm lazy
};
config.macros.applyTheme.handler = function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
var useTiddler = params[0] ? params[0] : tiddler.title;
var btn = createTiddlyButton(place,this.label,this.prompt,config.macros.selectTheme.onClickTheme);
btn.setAttribute('theme',useTiddler);
btn.setAttribute('mode',macroName=="applyTheme"?"selectTheme":"selectPalette"); // a bit untidy here
}
config.macros.selectPalette = config.macros.selectTheme;
config.macros.applyPalette = config.macros.applyTheme;
config.macros.refreshAll = { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
createTiddlyButton(place,"refresh","refresh layout and styles",function() { refreshAll(); });
}};
//}}}
The idea that a state must, in the [[Anarchic System]], not rely on other states for security and [[Survival]]. The idea that there are no friends in International Politics, only interests.
A key thinker in this idea was [[Waltz]] who said "self help is necessarily the principle of action". But the idea goes onward to say that the [[Security]] of one state is linked to the insecurity of others, this is called the [[Security Dilemma]].
"The right of a political community or state to become of sovereign state" GoWP, p. 36.
"The idea that a group of people have a certain set of shared interests and should be allowed to express their wishes on how these interests should best be promoted" GoWP, p. 443.
It is an intermediate zone that features some of the same characteristics of both the core and the periphery.
For example: the semi-periphery has its own indigenous industrial base.
This zone has important implications in the world economy:
* the industrial base keeps wages in industries in the core zone lower (as these jobs can be exported to the semi-periphery),
* or it has room for industries who cannot afford to stay in the core.
* It also stabilizes the political structure of the world system.
"Statement by the Soviet foreign ministry in October 1989 that countries of Eastern Europe were 'doing it their way' (a reference to Frank Sinatra's song 'I did it my way') and which marked the end of the [[Brezhnev Doctrine]] and Soviet [[Hegemony]] in Eastern Europe" GoWP, p. 77.
a notebook on politics, government, political economics and international relations.
Stern, Geoffrey. //The Structure of International Society; An Introduction to the Study of International Relations//. Second Edition. London, Pinter Press, 2000.
''I Contending Theories''
1, [[Realism]], [[Rationalism]] and [[Revolutionism]]
1.1 The Structure of [[International Society]]
1.3 Classical Theories
2, [[Behaviouralism]] Versus [[Traditionalism]]
2.3 Three post-1919 [[Paradigm]]s
[[Idealism]], [[Realism]], [[Marxism]]/[[Stalinism]]
3, [[Structuralism]]
''II The Evolution of [[International Society]]''
4, Pre-modern International Societies
4.2 What is an [[International Society]]?
4.3 Pre-modern International Societies
5 Modern International Societies
5.1 The Medieval European Order
''III The State''
6, [[Sovereignty]], Legal and Political
6.2 Sovereignty as a Political Concept
6.3 Sovereignty as a Legal Concept
6.4 Legal Implications of State Sovereignty
6.5 Constraints on the Exercise of [[Sovereignty]]
7. [[Nationalism]] - The Nation and the Imagination.
7.2 The Evolution of the National Idea
7.6 The Nation: Objective Criteria
8 The Making of Foreign Policy
8.1 [[Foreign Policy]], Diverse Meanings
8.4 The [[National Interest]]
8.5 Shaping the National Interest
''Part IV Inter-state Behaviour''
9, Constraints and Rules of International Behaviour
9.2 'Power Politics' As Applied to International Relations [[[Realism]]]
9.3 Domestic Constraints on the Use of [[Force]]
9.4 International Constraints
10, Power Balances and Alignments
11, [[Diplomacy]], Old and New
12, [[Imperialism]]
13, [[War]]
''V Non-State Actors''
14, International Organisations: Global and Regional
14.2 The [[League of Nations]]
Organs, Agenda, Record, Flaws
14.3 The [[United Nations]]
Lessons Learned, Organs, Difficulties, Facilities, Peacekeeping
14.4 Regional Organisations
[[European Union]]
15 Transnational Movements and Organisations
TNCs, NGOs,
''IV The International Political Economy''
"The fundamental structures of international politics are social rather than strictly material. This leads social constructivists to argue that changing the way we thing about international relations can bring a fundamental shift towards greater international security.
"At one level, social constructivists, like Alexander Wendt, share many of the major [[realist|Realism]] assumptions about international politics. They accept that states are the key referent in the study of international politics and international [[Security]]; that international politics is [[anarchic|Anarchy]]; that states cannot be absolutely certain of the intentions of other states; that states have a fundamental wish to [[survive|Survival]]; and that states attempt to behave rationally. They also see themselves as structuralists; that is to say they believe that the interests of individual states are in an important sense constructed by the structure of the [[International System]].
However, social sconstructivists think about international politics in a very different way to Neo-Realists. The latter tend to view structure as being made up only of a dsitribution of material capabilities. On the other hand, they think that structure is the product of social relationships. Social structures, they argue, are made up of elements, such as shared knowledge, material resources and practices. This means that social structures are defined, in part, by shared understandings, expectations, or knowledge." GoWP, p. 265.
In the Anarchical Society, Hedley Bull defines societies as based on three goals:
# Societies look for [[Security]] against the hard and death of those within it.
# That promises and agreements made by its members are kept and carried out.
# The [[Stability]] of property and that ownership is commonly recognized throughout.
These goals are //elementary//, //primary//, and //universal//. A society cannot function without these basic goals, and these goals presuppose all others that may form of the society, and all examples of society contain these goals. In other words, these goals are the elements that form a society. All other ideas and goals are based on these. All societies exhibit them as their foundations.
It is important to point out that these are goals and not laws. Society has these goals, but that does not mean that the protection is achieved, promises kept and property protected. Also, these goals, though they might be primary, elementary and universal for society, they have no priority over other goals.
AnarchSociety pp. 4-6.
"An association of sovereign states based on their common interests, values, and norms" GoWP, p. 36.
"A //society of states// (or [[International Society]]) exists when a group of states, conscious of certain common interests and common values, form a society in the sense that they conceive themselves to be bound by a common set of rules in their relations with one another, and share in the working of common institutions. If states today form an international society... this is because, recognising certain common interests and perhaps some common values, they regard themselves as bound by certain rules in their dealings with one another, such as that they should respect one another's claims to independence, that they should honour agreements into which they enter, and that they should be subject to certain limitations in exercising force against one another. At the same time they cooperate in the working of institutions such as the forms of procedures of international law, the machinery of diplomacy and general international organisation, and the customs and conventions of war." AnarchSociety, p. 13.
Sovereign, sovereignty
State is the supreme authority for passing and enforcing laws
* See article [[Resilience of the State]]
To be [[Sovereign]].
"Sovereignty is the claim to be the ultimate political authority, subject to no higher power as regards the making and enforcing of political decisions. In the [[International System]], sovereignty is the claim by the state to full self-government, and the mutual [[Recognition]] of claims to sovereignty is the basis of [[International Society]]" DicPol, p. 502.
"The concept of sovereignty originated with the [[Peace of Westphalia]] in 1648, when governments ceased to support co-religionists in conflict with their own states. Recognising the territorial jurisdiction of kings and princes entailed following a policy of non-interference within their claimed and defined territorial boundaries. Thus the extra-territorial authority of the Roman Church in particular was severely weakened, giving rise to the development of the secular [[Nation State]]. The mutual recognition by the European princes of each others sovereignty in the important matter of religious belief meant that they were willing to forgo certain political objectives in return for internal control and stability." IRKeyConcepts, p. 296.
The word originates from the "Sovereign", the single ruler, king, of the state. However, with the growth of democratic practise the power in the state began to rest with the people in //Popular Sovereignty// rather than with the individual king and family, //Dynastic Sovereignty//.
"Sovereign states are, in [[International Law]], equal and sovereign equality is the basis upon which the [[United Nations]] (UN) operates. This principle of sovereign is what guarantees equal participation by all states in international relations. This sovereign equality has as its content the following elements:
1 States are legally equal.
2 Every state enjoys the rights inherent in full sovereignty.
3 Every state is obligated to respect the fact of the legal entity of other states.
4 The territorial integrity and political independence of a state are inviolable.
5 Each state has the right to freely choose and develop its own political, social, economic, and cultural systems.
6 Each state is obligated to carry out its international obligations fully and conscientiously and to live in peace with other states." IRKeyConcepts, p. 296-7.
Sovereignty under this system is not absolute and requires conformity to the law and obligations of the [[International Community]]. It is enough, however, to ensure that national political boundaries and the [[Nation State]] are important.
In theory this works well, but in practice the sovereignty of poorer, less developed states has not been as strong as in more wealthy, developed countries. Robert [[Jackson]] distinguishes between //positive// and //negative// sovereignty, with poor less developed nations achieving the latter with independence from colonial rule. This concept of negative sovereignty refers to the legal freedom from interference by one state on another, whereas //positive sovereignty// is the effective power of a state to influence in its region or the world.
IRKeyConcepts, p. 296-8.
DicPol, p. 502-3.
DicIR, p. 504-5.
The government of Russia between 1917 and 1989. Based on [[Lenin]]'s development of [[Marxist Theory]].
The mix of a stagnant economy and high inflation. Refers in particular to conditions in the mid-1970s.
The evolution of Marxism by Joseph [[Stalin]] in Russia.
"the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory." Max Weber, quoted GWP p. 150.
"The one word is used to refer to three distinct concept:
# In [[International Law]], a state is an entity that is recognised to exist when a government is in control of a community of people within a defined [[Territory]]. It is comparable to the idea in domestic law of a company being a legal person.
# In the study of international politics, each state is a country. It is a community of people who interact in thee same political system and who have some common values.
# In philosophy or sociology, the state consists of the apparatus of government, in its broadest sense, covering the executive, the legislature, the administration, the judiciary, the armed forces, and the police." GoWP, p. 358.
One of the three cornerstones of [[Realism]]
Realists feel that the [[Sovereign]] [[State]] is the main actor, and in the state of [[Anarchy]], states compete with each other for [[Security]], markets, influence, etc. The nature of this competition is often viewed in zero sum terms.
The first move of a state is to organize power domestically, then to accumulate [[Power]] internationally.
Modifications to the structure of a nations economy. Most commonly imposed by the [[IMF]] to create more Neo-Liberalism policies.
Another term for Neo-Realism, the new branch of [[Realism]] developed in the late 1970s, particularly based on Kenneth [[Waltz]]'s //Theory of International Poltiics//. For more see Neo-Realism.
Structural Realism I
"International politics is driven by an endless struggle for power which has its roots in human nature. Justice, law and society have either no place or are circumscribed." GWP p. 149
Structureal Realism II
It is not human nature [as the original Structural Realists claimed], but the anarchical system which fosters fear, jealousy, suspicion, and insecurity. Conflict can emerge even if the actors have benign intent towards each other
A paradigm emerging in the 1970s with support from the LDCs (least developed countries), structuralism views both [[Realism]] and [[Liberalism]] as favoured toward the strong and wealthy nations. Put forward by Immanuel [[Wallerstein]], structuralism follows Marxism in its view that all relationships (political, ethical, legal, etc.) are built on their economic base, and shifts in society are a product in alterations in this economic base. Captialism is an example of this economic base. Wallerstein also saw elements of [[Keohane]] and [[Nye]]'s [[Interdependence]], but only saw this effecting affluent nations.
Structuralism was put forward with [[Dependency Theory]] by Latin American scholars, referred to as [[Dependistas]]. These academics specialized in the looking at modern economic models from the bottom-up. Focusing on unfair trade policies, systems of loans and ways the elite were influencing development. The only way they saw this system changing was through revolution, overthrowing capitalism.
How a system is built, the skeleton of the system. For example, part of the structure of the [[International System]] is [[Anarchy]]. The academic debate represented by each [[school]] of International Relations, each are interpretations of the structure.
/*{{{*/
#tiddlersBar .button {border:0}
.tiddlersBar .tab {white-space:nowrap}
#tiddlersBar {padding : 1em 0.5em 2px 0.5em}
.tabUnselected .tabButton, .tabSelected .tabButton {padding : 0 2px 0 2px; margin: 0 0 0 4px;}
.tiddler, .tabContents {border:1px [[ColorPalette::TertiaryPale]] solid;}
/*}}}*/
"Term used to describe the United States and the Soviet Union after 1945, denoting their global and political involvements and military capabilities, including in particular their nuclear arsenals." GoWP, p. 77.
The ultimate concern of the [[Nation State]] is [[Survival]], according the the political school of [[Realism]]. This leads the state to hold [[Security]] as a precondition for attaining all other goals. The ideas surrounding survival and security of the state have lead to an [[Offensive Realist]] and [[Defensive Realist]] split.
"A state which dominates and subordinates neighbouring states, without taking them over." GoWP, p. 36. Only the dominant state truly has [[Sovereignty]]. AnarchSociety, p. 11.
A classification developed by Martin [[Wight]], which contrasts with the [[International System]] in that one state dominates the others, asserting supremacy over the rest. For example, ancient Imperial China over it's tributary states. Though the [[International System]] may have a state with [[Hegemony]] within the system, that power is dynamic, and the power relationship can change without the system changing. In the Suzerain system it is static, the [[Hegemony]] is a permanent fixture of the system, and if this power structure changes, the system is changed.
In this system only the dominant state truly has [[Sovereignty]].
AnarchSociety, p. 10-11
''Below, you can see an additional //source// column and an additional //reset source// button.''
(reopen this tiddler to see changes after reseting source)
<<sync>>
/***
|''Name:''|SyncFromSourcePlugin|
|''Description:''|Synchronizes plugins from their original source (issued from plugin info) instead of imported url. So, plugins can be imported from any existing tiddlywiki and still be synchronized with their original source.|
|''Version:''|1.0.0|
|''Date:''|Dec 21,2007|
|''Source:''|http://visualtw.ouvaton.org/VisualTW.html|
|''Author:''|Pascal Collin|
|''License:''|[[BSD open source license|License]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.2.0|
|''Browser:''|Firefox 1.5; InternetExplorer 6.0|
!Usage
#import the plugin, save and reload.
#a new column (source) is available in ''sync task'' from the ''backstage button''. If the plugin's source mismatches the plugin server.host (the place from which is was last imported), the source value is displayed.
#a new button is also available : ''reset source''. Click on this button applies plugin's ''source'' as server.host for the checked lines.
Look at this [[example|SyncFromSourceDemo]] on plugin [[homepage|http://visualtw.ouvaton.org/VisualTW.html]].
!Patch required for TiddlyWiki 2.3.0
A bug in TW2.3.0 requires [[SyncPatch]].
!Code
***/
//{{{
config.macros.sync.getSyncableTiddlersWithoutSource = config.macros.sync.getSyncableTiddlersWithoutSource ? config.macros.sync.getSyncableTiddlersWithoutSource : config.macros.sync.getSyncableTiddlers;
config.macros.sync.startSyncWithoutSource = config.macros.sync.startSyncWithoutSource ? config.macros.sync.startSyncWithoutSource : config.macros.sync.startSync;
config.macros.sync.getSyncableTiddlers = function(){
var syncs = config.macros.sync.getSyncableTiddlersWithoutSource();
for(var cpt=0;cpt<syncs.length;cpt++){
var s= getPluginInfo(syncs[cpt].tiddler).Source;
if (s) {
var source = FileAdaptor.minHostName(s);
source = source.replace(/#[^#]*$/,"").replace(/\/*$/,"");
syncs[cpt].source = (source==syncs[cpt].tiddler.fields["server.host"]) ? "": source;
}
else syncs[cpt].source = "";
}
return syncs;
}
config.macros.sync.startSync = function(place) {
config.macros.sync.startSyncWithoutSource(place);
var w = new Wizard(place.getElementsByTagName("form")[0]);
w.setButtons([
{caption: this.syncLabel, tooltip: this.syncPrompt, onClick: this.doSync},
{caption: this.syncSourceLabel, tooltip: this.syncSourcePrompt, onClick: this.doSyncSource}
]);
}
merge(config.macros.sync,{
syncSourceLabel : "reset source",
syncSourcePrompt : "reset synchronization to plugin source, if available"
})
config.macros.sync.doSyncSource = function(e)
{
var rowNames = ListView.getSelectedRows(currSync.listView);
for(var t=0; t<currSync.syncList.length; t++) {
var si = currSync.syncList[t];
if((rowNames.indexOf(si.title) != -1)&&si.source) {
si.tiddler.fields["server.host"]=si.source;
si.tiddler.fields["server.type"]="file";
store.setDirty(true);
}
}
backstage.switchTab(null);
return false;
};
config.macros.sync.listViewTemplate.columns.push({name: 'Source', field: 'source', title: "Source", type: 'Link'});
//}}}
[[Transnational Corporations]]. ie. Walmart.
<<tabs txtMoreTab "Tags" "All Tags" TabAllTags "Miss" "Missing tiddlers" TabMoreMissing "Orph" "Orphaned tiddlers" TabMoreOrphans "Shad" "Shadowed tiddlers" TabMoreShadowed>>
<<allTags excludeLists [a-z]>>
/***
|''Name:''|TableSortingPlugin|
|''Description:''|Dynamically sort tables by clicking on column headers|
|''Author:''|Saq Imtiaz ( lewcid@gmail.com )|
|''Source:''|http://tw.lewcid.org/#TableSortingPlugin|
|''Code Repository:''|http://tw.lewcid.org/svn/plugins|
|''Version:''|2.02|
|''Date:''|25-01-2008|
|''License:''|[[Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License|http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.2.3|
!!Usage:
* Make sure your table has a header row
** {{{|Name|Phone Number|Address|h}}}<br> Note the /h/ that denote a header row
* Give the table a class of 'sortable'
** {{{
|sortable|k
|Name|Phone Number|Address|h
}}}<br>Note the /k/ that denotes a class name being assigned to the table.
* To disallow sorting by a column, place {{{<<nosort>>}}} in it's header
* To automatically sort a table by a column, place {{{<<autosort>>}}} in the header for that column
** Or to sort automatically but in reverse order, use {{{<<autosort reverse>>}}}
!!Example:
|sortable|k
|Name |Salary |Extension |Performance |File Size |Start date |h
|ZBloggs, Fred |$12000.00 |1353 |+1.2 |74.2Kb |Aug 19, 2003 21:34:00 |
|ABloggs, Fred |$12000.00 |1353 |1.2 |3350b |09/18/2003 |
|CBloggs, Fred |$12000 |1353 |1.200 |55.2Kb |August 18, 2003 |
|DBloggs, Fred |$12000.00 |1353 |1.2 |2100b |07/18/2003 |
|Bloggs, Fred |$12000.00 |1353 |01.20 |6.156Mb |08/17/2003 05:43 |
|Turvey, Kevin |$191200.00 |2342 |-33 |1b |02/05/1979 |
|Mbogo, Arnold |$32010.12 |2755 |-21.673 |1.2Gb |09/08/1998 |
|Shakespeare, Bill |£122000.00|3211 |6 |33.22Gb |12/11/1961 |
|Shakespeare, Hamlet |£9000 |9005 |-8 |3Gb |01/01/2002 |
|Fitz, Marvin |€3300.30 |5554 |+5 |4Kb |05/22/1995 |
***/
// /%
//!BEGIN-PLUGIN-CODE
config.tableSorting = {
darrow: "\u2193",
uarrow: "\u2191",
getText : function (o) {
var p = o.cells[SORT_INDEX];
return p.innerText || p.textContent || '';
},
sortTable : function (o,rev) {
SORT_INDEX = o.getAttribute("index");
var c = config.tableSorting;
var T = findRelated(o.parentNode,"TABLE");
if(T.tBodies[0].rows.length<=1)
return;
var itm = "";
var i = 0;
while (itm == "" && i < T.tBodies[0].rows.length) {
itm = c.getText(T.tBodies[0].rows[i]).trim();
i++;
}
if (itm == "")
return;
var r = [];
var S = o.getElementsByTagName("span")[0];
c.fn = c.sortAlpha;
if(!isNaN(Date.parse(itm)))
c.fn = c.sortDate;
else if(itm.match(/^[$|£|€|\+|\-]{0,1}\d*\.{0,1}\d+$/))
c.fn = c.sortNumber;
else if(itm.match(/^\d*\.{0,1}\d+[K|M|G]{0,1}b$/))
c.fn = c.sortFile;
for(i=0; i<T.tBodies[0].rows.length; i++) {
r[i]=T.tBodies[0].rows[i];
}
r.sort(c.reSort);
if(S.firstChild.nodeValue==c.darrow || rev) {
r.reverse();
S.firstChild.nodeValue=c.uarrow;
}
else
S.firstChild.nodeValue=c.darrow;
var thead = T.getElementsByTagName('thead')[0];
var headers = thead.rows[thead.rows.length-1].cells;
for(var k=0; k<headers.length; k++) {
if(!hasClass(headers[k],"nosort"))
addClass(headers[k].getElementsByTagName("span")[0],"hidden");
}
removeClass(S,"hidden");
for(i=0; i<r.length; i++) {
T.tBodies[0].appendChild(r[i]);
c.stripe(r[i],i);
for(var j=0; j<r[i].cells.length;j++){
removeClass(r[i].cells[j],"sortedCol");
}
addClass(r[i].cells[SORT_INDEX],"sortedCol");
}
},
stripe : function (e,i){
var cl = ["oddRow","evenRow"];
i&1? cl.reverse() : cl;
removeClass(e,cl[1]);
addClass(e,cl[0]);
},
sortNumber : function(v) {
var x = parseFloat(this.getText(v).replace(/[^0-9.-]/g,''));
return isNaN(x)? 0: x;
},
sortDate : function(v) {
return Date.parse(this.getText(v));
},
sortAlpha : function(v) {
return this.getText(v).toLowerCase();
},
sortFile : function(v) {
var j, q = config.messages.sizeTemplates, s = this.getText(v);
for (var i=0; i<q.length; i++) {
if ((j = s.toLowerCase().indexOf(q[i].template.replace("%0\u00a0","").toLowerCase())) != -1)
return q[i].unit * s.substr(0,j);
}
return parseFloat(s);
},
reSort : function(a,b){
var c = config.tableSorting;
var aa = c.fn(a);
var bb = c.fn(b);
return ((aa==bb)? 0 : ((aa<bb)? -1:1));
}
};
Story.prototype.tSort_refreshTiddler = Story.prototype.refreshTiddler;
Story.prototype.refreshTiddler = function(title,template,force,customFields,defaultText){
var elem = this.tSort_refreshTiddler.apply(this,arguments);
if(elem){
var tables = elem.getElementsByTagName("TABLE");
var c = config.tableSorting;
for(var i=0; i<tables.length; i++){
if(hasClass(tables[i],"sortable")){
var x = null, rev, table = tables[i], thead = table.getElementsByTagName('thead')[0], headers = thead.rows[thead.rows.length-1].cells;
for (var j=0; j<headers.length; j++){
var h = headers[j];
if (hasClass(h,"nosort"))
continue;
h.setAttribute("index",j);
h.onclick = function(){c.sortTable(this); return false;};
h.ondblclick = stopEvent;
if(h.getElementsByTagName("span").length == 0)
createTiddlyElement(h,"span",null,"hidden",c.uarrow);
if(!x && hasClass(h,"autosort")) {
x = j;
rev = hasClass(h,"reverse");
}
}
if(x)
c.sortTable(headers[x],rev);
}
}
}
return elem;
};
setStylesheet("table.sortable span.hidden {visibility:hidden;}\n"+
"table.sortable thead {cursor:pointer;}\n"+
"table.sortable .nosort {cursor:default;}\n"+
"table.sortable td.sortedCol {background:#ffc;}","TableSortingPluginStyles");
function stopEvent(e){
var ev = e? e : window.event;
ev.cancelBubble = true;
if (ev.stopPropagation) ev.stopPropagation();
return false;
}
config.macros.nosort={
handler : function(place){
addClass(place,"nosort");
}
};
config.macros.autosort={
handler : function(place,m,p,w,pS){
addClass(place,"autosort"+" "+pS);
}
};
//!END-PLUGIN-CODE
// %/
/***
|Name:|TagglyTaggingPlugin|
|Description:|tagglyTagging macro is a replacement for the builtin tagging macro in your ViewTemplate|
|Version:|3.3.1 ($Rev: 6100 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2008-07-27 01:42:07 +1000 (Sun, 27 Jul 2008) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TagglyTaggingPlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
!Notes
See http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TagglyTagging
***/
//{{{
merge(String.prototype,{
parseTagExpr: function(debug) {
if (this.trim() == "")
return "(true)";
var anyLogicOp = /(!|&&|\|\||\(|\))/g;
var singleLogicOp = /^(!|&&|\|\||\(|\))$/;
var spaced = this.
// because square brackets in templates are no good
// this means you can use [(With Spaces)] instead of [[With Spaces]]
replace(/\[\(/g," [[").
replace(/\)\]/g,"]] ").
// space things out so we can use readBracketedList. tricky eh?
replace(anyLogicOp," $1 ");
var expr = "";
var tokens = spaced.readBracketedList(false); // false means don't uniq the list. nice one JR!
for (var i=0;i<tokens.length;i++)
if (tokens[i].match(singleLogicOp))
expr += tokens[i];
else
expr += "tiddler.tags.contains('%0')".format([tokens[i].replace(/'/,"\\'")]); // fix single quote bug. still have round bracket bug i think
if (debug)
alert(expr);
return '('+expr+')';
}
});
merge(TiddlyWiki.prototype,{
getTiddlersByTagExpr: function(tagExpr,sortField) {
var result = [];
var expr = tagExpr.parseTagExpr();
store.forEachTiddler(function(title,tiddler) {
if (eval(expr))
result.push(tiddler);
});
if(!sortField)
sortField = "title";
result.sort(function(a,b) {return a[sortField] < b[sortField] ? -1 : (a[sortField] == b[sortField] ? 0 : +1);});
return result;
}
});
config.taggly = {
// for translations
lingo: {
labels: {
asc: "\u2191", // down arrow
desc: "\u2193", // up arrow
title: "title",
modified: "modified",
created: "created",
show: "+",
hide: "-",
normal: "normal",
group: "group",
commas: "commas",
sitemap: "sitemap",
numCols: "cols\u00b1", // plus minus sign
label: "Tagged as '%0':",
exprLabel: "Matching tag expression '%0':",
excerpts: "excerpts",
descr: "descr",
slices: "slices",
contents: "contents",
sliders: "sliders",
noexcerpts: "title only",
noneFound: "(none)"
},
tooltips: {
title: "Click to sort by title",
modified: "Click to sort by modified date",
created: "Click to sort by created date",
show: "Click to show tagging list",
hide: "Click to hide tagging list",
normal: "Click to show a normal ungrouped list",
group: "Click to show list grouped by tag",
sitemap: "Click to show a sitemap style list",
commas: "Click to show a comma separated list",
numCols: "Click to change number of columns",
excerpts: "Click to show excerpts",
descr: "Click to show the description slice",
slices: "Click to show all slices",
contents: "Click to show entire tiddler contents",
sliders: "Click to show tiddler contents in sliders",
noexcerpts: "Click to show entire title only"
},
tooDeepMessage: "* //sitemap too deep...//"
},
config: {
showTaggingCounts: true,
listOpts: {
// the first one will be the default
sortBy: ["title","modified","created"],
sortOrder: ["asc","desc"],
hideState: ["show","hide"],
listMode: ["normal","group","sitemap","commas"],
numCols: ["1","2","3","4","5","6"],
excerpts: ["noexcerpts","excerpts","descr","slices","contents","sliders"]
},
valuePrefix: "taggly.",
excludeTags: ["excludeLists","excludeTagging"],
excerptSize: 50,
excerptMarker: "/%"+"%/",
siteMapDepthLimit: 25
},
getTagglyOpt: function(title,opt) {
var val = store.getValue(title,this.config.valuePrefix+opt);
return val ? val : this.config.listOpts[opt][0];
},
setTagglyOpt: function(title,opt,value) {
if (!store.tiddlerExists(title))
// create it silently
store.saveTiddler(title,title,config.views.editor.defaultText.format([title]),config.options.txtUserName,new Date(),"");
// if value is default then remove it to save space
return store.setValue(title,
this.config.valuePrefix+opt,
value == this.config.listOpts[opt][0] ? null : value);
},
getNextValue: function(title,opt) {
var current = this.getTagglyOpt(title,opt);
var pos = this.config.listOpts[opt].indexOf(current);
// a little usability enhancement. actually it doesn't work right for grouped or sitemap
var limit = (opt == "numCols" ? store.getTiddlersByTagExpr(title).length : this.config.listOpts[opt].length);
var newPos = (pos + 1) % limit;
return this.config.listOpts[opt][newPos];
},
toggleTagglyOpt: function(title,opt) {
var newVal = this.getNextValue(title,opt);
this.setTagglyOpt(title,opt,newVal);
},
createListControl: function(place,title,type) {
var lingo = config.taggly.lingo;
var label;
var tooltip;
var onclick;
if ((type == "title" || type == "modified" || type == "created")) {
// "special" controls. a little tricky. derived from sortOrder and sortBy
label = lingo.labels[type];
tooltip = lingo.tooltips[type];
if (this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortBy") == type) {
label += lingo.labels[this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder")];
onclick = function() {
config.taggly.toggleTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder");
return false;
}
}
else {
onclick = function() {
config.taggly.setTagglyOpt(title,"sortBy",type);
config.taggly.setTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder",config.taggly.config.listOpts.sortOrder[0]);
return false;
}
}
}
else {
// "regular" controls, nice and simple
label = lingo.labels[type == "numCols" ? type : this.getNextValue(title,type)];
tooltip = lingo.tooltips[type == "numCols" ? type : this.getNextValue(title,type)];
onclick = function() {
config.taggly.toggleTagglyOpt(title,type);
return false;
}
}
// hide button because commas don't have columns
if (!(this.getTagglyOpt(title,"listMode") == "commas" && type == "numCols"))
createTiddlyButton(place,label,tooltip,onclick,type == "hideState" ? "hidebutton" : "button");
},
makeColumns: function(orig,numCols) {
var listSize = orig.length;
var colSize = listSize/numCols;
var remainder = listSize % numCols;
var upperColsize = colSize;
var lowerColsize = colSize;
if (colSize != Math.floor(colSize)) {
// it's not an exact fit so..
upperColsize = Math.floor(colSize) + 1;
lowerColsize = Math.floor(colSize);
}
var output = [];
var c = 0;
for (var j=0;j<numCols;j++) {
var singleCol = [];
var thisSize = j < remainder ? upperColsize : lowerColsize;
for (var i=0;i<thisSize;i++)
singleCol.push(orig[c++]);
output.push(singleCol);
}
return output;
},
drawTable: function(place,columns,theClass) {
var newTable = createTiddlyElement(place,"table",null,theClass);
var newTbody = createTiddlyElement(newTable,"tbody");
var newTr = createTiddlyElement(newTbody,"tr");
for (var j=0;j<columns.length;j++) {
var colOutput = "";
for (var i=0;i<columns[j].length;i++)
colOutput += columns[j][i];
var newTd = createTiddlyElement(newTr,"td",null,"tagglyTagging"); // todo should not need this class
wikify(colOutput,newTd);
}
return newTable;
},
createTagglyList: function(place,title,isTagExpr) {
switch(this.getTagglyOpt(title,"listMode")) {
case "group": return this.createTagglyListGrouped(place,title,isTagExpr); break;
case "normal": return this.createTagglyListNormal(place,title,false,isTagExpr); break;
case "commas": return this.createTagglyListNormal(place,title,true,isTagExpr); break;
case "sitemap":return this.createTagglyListSiteMap(place,title,isTagExpr); break;
}
},
getTaggingCount: function(title,isTagExpr) {
// thanks to Doug Edmunds
if (this.config.showTaggingCounts) {
var tagCount = config.taggly.getTiddlers(title,'title',isTagExpr).length;
if (tagCount > 0)
return " ("+tagCount+")";
}
return "";
},
getTiddlers: function(titleOrExpr,sortBy,isTagExpr) {
return isTagExpr ? store.getTiddlersByTagExpr(titleOrExpr,sortBy) : store.getTaggedTiddlers(titleOrExpr,sortBy);
},
getExcerpt: function(inTiddlerTitle,title,indent) {
if (!indent)
indent = 1;
var displayMode = this.getTagglyOpt(inTiddlerTitle,"excerpts");
var t = store.getTiddler(title);
if (t && displayMode == "excerpts") {
var text = t.text.replace(/\n/," ");
var marker = text.indexOf(this.config.excerptMarker);
if (marker != -1) {
return " {{excerpt{<nowiki>" + text.substr(0,marker) + "</nowiki>}}}";
}
else if (text.length < this.config.excerptSize) {
return " {{excerpt{<nowiki>" + t.text + "</nowiki>}}}";
}
else {
return " {{excerpt{<nowiki>" + t.text.substr(0,this.config.excerptSize) + "..." + "</nowiki>}}}";
}
}
else if (t && displayMode == "contents") {
return "\n{{contents indent"+indent+"{\n" + t.text + "\n}}}";
}
else if (t && displayMode == "sliders") {
return "<slider slide>\n{{contents{\n" + t.text + "\n}}}\n</slider>";
}
else if (t && displayMode == "descr") {
var descr = store.getTiddlerSlice(title,'Description');
return descr ? " {{excerpt{" + descr + "}}}" : "";
}
else if (t && displayMode == "slices") {
var result = "";
var slices = store.calcAllSlices(title);
for (var s in slices)
result += "|%0|<nowiki>%1</nowiki>|\n".format([s,slices[s]]);
return result ? "\n{{excerpt excerptIndent{\n" + result + "}}}" : "";
}
return "";
},
notHidden: function(t,inTiddler) {
if (typeof t == "string")
t = store.getTiddler(t);
return (!t || !t.tags.containsAny(this.config.excludeTags) ||
(inTiddler && this.config.excludeTags.contains(inTiddler)));
},
// this is for normal and commas mode
createTagglyListNormal: function(place,title,useCommas,isTagExpr) {
var list = config.taggly.getTiddlers(title,this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortBy"),isTagExpr);
if (this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder") == "desc")
list = list.reverse();
var output = [];
var first = true;
for (var i=0;i<list.length;i++) {
if (this.notHidden(list[i],title)) {
var countString = this.getTaggingCount(list[i].title);
var excerpt = this.getExcerpt(title,list[i].title);
if (useCommas)
output.push((first ? "" : ", ") + "[[" + list[i].title + "]]" + countString + excerpt);
else
output.push("*[[" + list[i].title + "]]" + countString + excerpt + "\n");
first = false;
}
}
return this.drawTable(place,
this.makeColumns(output,useCommas ? 1 : parseInt(this.getTagglyOpt(title,"numCols"))),
useCommas ? "commas" : "normal");
},
// this is for the "grouped" mode
createTagglyListGrouped: function(place,title,isTagExpr) {
var sortBy = this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortBy");
var sortOrder = this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder");
var list = config.taggly.getTiddlers(title,sortBy,isTagExpr);
if (sortOrder == "desc")
list = list.reverse();
var leftOvers = []
for (var i=0;i<list.length;i++)
leftOvers.push(list[i].title);
var allTagsHolder = {};
for (var i=0;i<list.length;i++) {
for (var j=0;j<list[i].tags.length;j++) {
if (list[i].tags[j] != title) { // not this tiddler
if (this.notHidden(list[i].tags[j],title)) {
if (!allTagsHolder[list[i].tags[j]])
allTagsHolder[list[i].tags[j]] = "";
if (this.notHidden(list[i],title)) {
allTagsHolder[list[i].tags[j]] += "**[["+list[i].title+"]]"
+ this.getTaggingCount(list[i].title) + this.getExcerpt(title,list[i].title) + "\n";
leftOvers.setItem(list[i].title,-1); // remove from leftovers. at the end it will contain the leftovers
}
}
}
}
}
var allTags = [];
for (var t in allTagsHolder)
allTags.push(t);
var sortHelper = function(a,b) {
if (a == b) return 0;
if (a < b) return -1;
return 1;
};
allTags.sort(function(a,b) {
var tidA = store.getTiddler(a);
var tidB = store.getTiddler(b);
if (sortBy == "title") return sortHelper(a,b);
else if (!tidA && !tidB) return 0;
else if (!tidA) return -1;
else if (!tidB) return +1;
else return sortHelper(tidA[sortBy],tidB[sortBy]);
});
var leftOverOutput = "";
for (var i=0;i<leftOvers.length;i++)
if (this.notHidden(leftOvers[i],title))
leftOverOutput += "*[["+leftOvers[i]+"]]" + this.getTaggingCount(leftOvers[i]) + this.getExcerpt(title,leftOvers[i]) + "\n";
var output = [];
if (sortOrder == "desc")
allTags.reverse();
else if (leftOverOutput != "")
// leftovers first...
output.push(leftOverOutput);
for (var i=0;i<allTags.length;i++)
if (allTagsHolder[allTags[i]] != "")
output.push("*[["+allTags[i]+"]]" + this.getTaggingCount(allTags[i]) + this.getExcerpt(title,allTags[i]) + "\n" + allTagsHolder[allTags[i]]);
if (sortOrder == "desc" && leftOverOutput != "")
// leftovers last...
output.push(leftOverOutput);
return this.drawTable(place,
this.makeColumns(output,parseInt(this.getTagglyOpt(title,"numCols"))),
"grouped");
},
// used to build site map
treeTraverse: function(title,depth,sortBy,sortOrder,isTagExpr) {
var list = config.taggly.getTiddlers(title,sortBy,isTagExpr);
if (sortOrder == "desc")
list.reverse();
var indent = "";
for (var j=0;j<depth;j++)
indent += "*"
var childOutput = "";
if (depth > this.config.siteMapDepthLimit)
childOutput += indent + this.lingo.tooDeepMessage;
else
for (var i=0;i<list.length;i++)
if (list[i].title != title)
if (this.notHidden(list[i].title,this.config.inTiddler))
childOutput += this.treeTraverse(list[i].title,depth+1,sortBy,sortOrder,false);
if (depth == 0)
return childOutput;
else
return indent + "[["+title+"]]" + this.getTaggingCount(title) + this.getExcerpt(this.config.inTiddler,title,depth) + "\n" + childOutput;
},
// this if for the site map mode
createTagglyListSiteMap: function(place,title,isTagExpr) {
this.config.inTiddler = title; // nasty. should pass it in to traverse probably
var output = this.treeTraverse(title,0,this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortBy"),this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder"),isTagExpr);
return this.drawTable(place,
this.makeColumns(output.split(/(?=^\*\[)/m),parseInt(this.getTagglyOpt(title,"numCols"))), // regexp magic
"sitemap"
);
},
macros: {
tagglyTagging: {
handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
var parsedParams = paramString.parseParams("tag",null,true);
var refreshContainer = createTiddlyElement(place,"div");
// do some refresh magic to make it keep the list fresh - thanks Saq
refreshContainer.setAttribute("refresh","macro");
refreshContainer.setAttribute("macroName",macroName);
var tag = getParam(parsedParams,"tag");
var expr = getParam(parsedParams,"expr");
if (expr) {
refreshContainer.setAttribute("isTagExpr","true");
refreshContainer.setAttribute("title",expr);
refreshContainer.setAttribute("showEmpty","true");
}
else {
refreshContainer.setAttribute("isTagExpr","false");
if (tag) {
refreshContainer.setAttribute("title",tag);
refreshContainer.setAttribute("showEmpty","true");
}
else {
refreshContainer.setAttribute("title",tiddler.title);
refreshContainer.setAttribute("showEmpty","false");
}
}
this.refresh(refreshContainer);
},
refresh: function(place) {
var title = place.getAttribute("title");
var isTagExpr = place.getAttribute("isTagExpr") == "true";
var showEmpty = place.getAttribute("showEmpty") == "true";
removeChildren(place);
addClass(place,"tagglyTagging");
var countFound = config.taggly.getTiddlers(title,'title',isTagExpr).length
if (countFound > 0 || showEmpty) {
var lingo = config.taggly.lingo;
config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"hideState");
if (config.taggly.getTagglyOpt(title,"hideState") == "show") {
createTiddlyElement(place,"span",null,"tagglyLabel",
isTagExpr ? lingo.labels.exprLabel.format([title]) : lingo.labels.label.format([title]));
config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"title");
config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"modified");
config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"created");
config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"listMode");
config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"excerpts");
config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"numCols");
config.taggly.createTagglyList(place,title,isTagExpr);
if (countFound == 0 && showEmpty)
createTiddlyElement(place,"div",null,"tagglyNoneFound",lingo.labels.noneFound);
}
}
}
}
},
// todo fix these up a bit
styles: [
"/*{{{*/",
"/* created by TagglyTaggingPlugin */",
".tagglyTagging { padding-top:0.5em; }",
".tagglyTagging li.listTitle { display:none; }",
".tagglyTagging ul {",
" margin-top:0px; padding-top:0.5em; padding-left:2em;",
" margin-bottom:0px; padding-bottom:0px;",
"}",
".tagglyTagging { vertical-align: top; margin:0px; padding:0px; }",
".tagglyTagging table { margin:0px; padding:0px; }",
".tagglyTagging .button { visibility:hidden; margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; }",
".tagglyTagging .button, .tagglyTagging .hidebutton {",
" color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryLight]]; font-size:90%;",
" border:0px; padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;",
"}",
".tagglyTagging .button:hover, .hidebutton:hover, ",
".tagglyTagging .button:active, .hidebutton:active {",
" border:0px; background:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryPale]]; color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryDark]];",
"}",
".selected .tagglyTagging .button { visibility:visible; }",
".tagglyTagging .hidebutton { color:[[ColorPalette::Background]]; }",
".selected .tagglyTagging .hidebutton { color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryLight]] }",
".tagglyLabel { color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryMid]]; font-size:90%; }",
".tagglyTagging ul {padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0.5em; margin-left:1em; }",
".tagglyTagging ul ul {list-style-type:disc; margin-left:-1em;}",
".tagglyTagging ul ul li {margin-left:0.5em; }",
".editLabel { font-size:90%; padding-top:0.5em; }",
".tagglyTagging .commas { padding-left:1.8em; }",
"/* not technically tagglytagging but will put them here anyway */",
".tagglyTagged li.listTitle { display:none; }",
".tagglyTagged li { display: inline; font-size:90%; }",
".tagglyTagged ul { margin:0px; padding:0px; }",
".excerpt { color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryDark]]; }",
".excerptIndent { margin-left:4em; }",
"div.tagglyTagging table,",
"div.tagglyTagging table tr,",
"td.tagglyTagging",
" {border-style:none!important; }",
".tagglyTagging .contents { border-bottom:2px solid [[ColorPalette::TertiaryPale]]; padding:0 1em 1em 0.5em;",
" margin-bottom:0.5em; }",
".tagglyTagging .indent1 { margin-left:3em; }",
".tagglyTagging .indent2 { margin-left:4em; }",
".tagglyTagging .indent3 { margin-left:5em; }",
".tagglyTagging .indent4 { margin-left:6em; }",
".tagglyTagging .indent5 { margin-left:7em; }",
".tagglyTagging .indent6 { margin-left:8em; }",
".tagglyTagging .indent7 { margin-left:9em; }",
".tagglyTagging .indent8 { margin-left:10em; }",
".tagglyTagging .indent9 { margin-left:11em; }",
".tagglyTagging .indent10 { margin-left:12em; }",
".tagglyNoneFound { margin-left:2em; color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryMid]]; font-size:90%; font-style:italic; }",
"/*}}}*/",
""].join("\n"),
init: function() {
merge(config.macros,this.macros);
config.shadowTiddlers["TagglyTaggingStyles"] = this.styles;
store.addNotification("TagglyTaggingStyles",refreshStyles);
}
};
config.taggly.init();
//}}}
/***
InlineSlidersPlugin
By Saq Imtiaz
http://tw.lewcid.org/sandbox/#InlineSlidersPlugin
// syntax adjusted to not clash with NestedSlidersPlugin
// added + syntax to start open instead of closed
***/
//{{{
config.formatters.unshift( {
name: "inlinesliders",
// match: "\\+\\+\\+\\+|\\<slider",
match: "\\<slider",
// lookaheadRegExp: /(?:\+\+\+\+|<slider) (.*?)(?:>?)\n((?:.|\n)*?)\n(?:====|<\/slider>)/mg,
lookaheadRegExp: /(?:<slider)(\+?) (.*?)(?:>)\n((?:.|\n)*?)\n(?:<\/slider>)/mg,
handler: function(w) {
this.lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex = w.matchStart;
var lookaheadMatch = this.lookaheadRegExp.exec(w.source)
if(lookaheadMatch && lookaheadMatch.index == w.matchStart ) {
var btn = createTiddlyButton(w.output,lookaheadMatch[2] + " "+"\u00BB",lookaheadMatch[2],this.onClickSlider,"button sliderButton");
var panel = createTiddlyElement(w.output,"div",null,"sliderPanel");
panel.style.display = (lookaheadMatch[1] == '+' ? "block" : "none");
wikify(lookaheadMatch[3],panel);
w.nextMatch = lookaheadMatch.index + lookaheadMatch[0].length;
}
},
onClickSlider : function(e) {
if(!e) var e = window.event;
var n = this.nextSibling;
n.style.display = (n.style.display=="none") ? "block" : "none";
return false;
}
});
//}}}
A state where power is over the population within the territory but does not want to represent the nation or people as a whole.
"A portion of the earth's surface appropriated by a political community, or state." GoWP, p. 36.
A branch of International Relations scholarship that developed in Britain, particularly at Oxford, Cambridge and the London School of Economics. Two thinkers from this group are Martin [[Wight]] whose "three Rs" paradigm classification system is used in this Tiddly. Also Hedley [[Bull]] whose book, //The Anarchical Society// (2002) is the group's flagship text.
The English School sees the world order differently. Instead of the [[International System]] of [[Realism]] and [[Liberalism]], a systemic look at International Relations theory, the English School instead sees an [[International Society]]. By doing this they are able to better preserve traditional concepts of [[Realism]] like [[Balance of Power]] and [[National Interest]] in a new world of co-operation and Neo-Liberalism economics. Though the International order lacked government and was in [[Anarchy]], it wasn't necessarily without protocol and rules.
Mittelman, James H. //The Globalization Syndrome, Transformation and Resistance//. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
"A state based on religion" GoWP, p. 36.
The theories that make up the discipline of International Relations can be divided, for the most part, into three separate orders. This system of classification was developed by Martin [[Wight]]. Other systems of classification follow the same lines for the most part, but refer to Rationalism as [[Liberalism]] or [[Pluralism]], and Revolutionism as [[Marxism]] or [[Structuralism]]. This system has been followed here because it is in line with my courses, but it is also the clearest system.
* [[Realism]]
The tradition of [[Power Politics]], with its historical roots in [[Thucydides]], [[Machiavelli]] and Thomas [[Hobbes]].
* [[Rationalism]]
The Liberal tradition handed down from the [[Enlightenment]]. Rationalism is interested in a system of justice for all individuals, and the state is to serve the people.
* [[Revolutionism]].
Most associated with [[Marxism]], but also covers the [[Jihad]]i movements and others. Revolutionism movements are in favour of massive changes to the social order, such as [[Emancipation]].
Because different commentators have different purposes, they sometimes categorise broad theories differently. The theories below are loose translations.
| [[Realism]] | [[Liberalism]] | [[Marxism]] |
| [[Realism]] | [[Pluralism]] | [[Structuralism]] |
| [[Realism]] | [[Rationalism]] | [[Revolutionism]] |
Waltz, Kenneth N. //Theory of International Politics//. Boston: McGraw Hill, 1979.
Great Athenian General and historian. Writer of //The History of the Peloponnesian War//, a work that documents several years of the classic war in Ancient Greece.
The book is considered one of the first texts in International Relations and the essence of Classical Realism. Thomas [[Hobbes]] translated this work and spent a lot of time studying it as it documented the original attempt of a Democracy surviving in war and preforming [[Power Politics]] on its world stage.
/***
|''Name:''|TiddlerNotesPlugin|
|''Description:''|Add notes to tiddlers without modifying the original content|
|''Author:''|Saq Imtiaz ( lewcid@gmail.com )|
|''Source:''|http://tw.lewcid.org/#TiddlerNotesPlugin|
|''Code Repository:''|http://tw.lewcid.org/svn/plugins|
|''Version:''|2.1|
|''Date:''|26/10/07|
|''License:''|[[Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License|http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.2.3|
!!Concept:
*The TiddlerNotesPlugin allows you to add notes to tiddlers, without needing to edit the original tiddler. This means that your original content will remain unaltered, and if you update it in the future, you won’t lose your notes. Notes are stored in separate tiddlers, but can be viewed and edited from within the original tiddler.
*For a tiddler titled "~MySlide", the notes are by default saved in a tiddler titled "~MySlide-Notes" and is given a tag of "Notes". The suffix and tags of the notes tiddlers are customizable. You can have one or multiple notes per tiddlers. So it is possible to have for example, teacher's notes and student's notes in the same file.
*Notes can be configured to start off blank, or pre-filled with the contents of the original tiddler.
!!Usage:
*{{{<<notes>>}}} is the simplest usage form.
* additional optional parameters include:
**{{{heading:}}} the heading to use for the notes box
**{{{tag:}}} the tag to be given to the notes tiddler
**{{{suffix:}}} the suffix to be used when naming the notes tiddler
* a full macro call could look like: {{{<<notes heading:"My Notes" tag:"NoteTiddlers" suffix:"Comments">>}}}
* To avoid adding {{{<<notes>>}}} to each tiddler you want notes for, you could add the macro call to the ViewTemplate
** below the line {{{<div class='viewer' macro='view text wikified'></div>}}} add the following line: <br> {{{<div class='viewer' macro='notes'></div>}}}
** Used in combination with the ~HideWhenPlugin or ~PublisherPlugin, you could have notes be shown only for tiddlers with specific tags. The ~PublisherPlugin would allow you for instance to only have the ~TeachersNotes visible to the teacher, and the ~StudentsNotes for the same tiddler visible to the Student.
!!Configuration
*<<option chkPrefillNotes>> Enable to pre-fill notes with the original tiddler's contents
!!Demo:
* [[MySlide]]
***/
// /%
//!BEGIN-PLUGIN-CODE
if (!config.options.chkPrefillNotes)
config.options.chkPrefillNotes = false;
function createTiddlyElement(theParent,theElement,theID,theClass,theText,attribs)
{
var e = document.createElement(theElement);
if(theClass != null)
e.className = theClass;
if(theID != null)
e.setAttribute("id",theID);
if(theText != null)
e.appendChild(document.createTextNode(theText));
if(attribs){
for(var n in attribs){
e.setAttribute(n,attribs[n]);
}
}
if(theParent != null)
theParent.appendChild(e);
return e;
}
function createTiddlyButton(theParent,theText,theTooltip,theAction,theClass,theId,theAccessKey,attribs)
{
var theButton = document.createElement("a");
if(theAction) {
theButton.onclick = theAction;
theButton.setAttribute("href","javascript:;");
}
if(theTooltip)
theButton.setAttribute("title",theTooltip);
if(theText)
theButton.appendChild(document.createTextNode(theText));
if(theClass)
theButton.className = theClass;
else
theButton.className = "button";
if(theId)
theButton.id = theId;
if(attribs){
for(var n in attribs){
e.setAttribute(n,attribs[n]);
}
}
if(theParent)
theParent.appendChild(theButton);
if(theAccessKey)
theButton.setAttribute("accessKey",theAccessKey);
return theButton;
}
config.macros.notes={
cancelWarning: "Are you sure you want to abandon changes to your notes for '%0'?",
editLabel: "edit notes",
editTitle: "double click to edit",
saveLabel: "save notes",
saveTitle: "double click to save",
cancelLabel: "cancel",
heading: "Notes",
suffix: "Notes",
tag: "Notes",
saveNotes: function(ev){
e = ev? ev : window.event;
var theTarget = resolveTarget(e);
if (theTarget.nodeName.toLowerCase() == "textarea")
return false;
var title = story.findContainingTiddler(theTarget).getAttribute("tiddler");
story.setDirty(title,false);
var box = document.getElementById("notesContainer"+title);
var textarea = document.getElementById("notesTextArea"+title);
if(textarea.getAttribute("oldText")!=textarea.value && !hasClass(theTarget,"cancelNotesButton")){
var suffix = box.getAttribute("suffix");
var t = store.getTiddler(title+"-"+suffix);
store.saveTiddler(title+"-"+suffix,title+"-"+suffix,textarea.value,config.options.txtUserName,new Date(),t?t.tags:box.getAttribute("tag"),t?t.fields:{});
}
story.refreshTiddler(title,1,true);
autoSaveChanges(true);
return false;
},
editNotes: function(box,tiddler){
removeChildren(box);
story.setDirty(tiddler,true);
box.title = this.saveTitle;
box.ondblclick = this.saveNotes;
createTiddlyButton(box,this.cancelLabel,this.cancelLabel,this.saveNotes,"cancelNotesButton");
createTiddlyButton(box,this.saveLabel,this.saveLabel,this.saveNotes,"saveNotesButton");
wikify("!!"+box.getAttribute("heading")+"\n",box);
addClass(box,"editor");
var wrapper1 = createTiddlyElement(null,"fieldset",null,"fieldsetFix");
var wrapper2 = createTiddlyElement(wrapper1,"div");
var e = createTiddlyElement(wrapper2,"textarea","notesTextArea"+tiddler);
var v = store.getValue(tiddler+"-"+box.getAttribute("suffix"),"text");
if(!v)
v = config.options.chkPrefillNotes? store.getValue(tiddler,"text"):'';
e.value = v;
e.setAttribute("oldText",v);
var rows = 10;
var lines = v.match(/\n/mg);
var maxLines = Math.max(parseInt(config.options.txtMaxEditRows),5);
if(lines != null && lines.length > rows)
rows = lines.length + 5;
rows = Math.min(rows,maxLines);
e.setAttribute("rows",rows);
box.appendChild(wrapper1);
},
editNotesButtonOnclick: function(e){
var title = story.findContainingTiddler(this).getAttribute("tiddler");
var box = document.getElementById("notesContainer"+title);
config.macros.notes.editNotes(box,title);
return false;
},
ondblclick : function(ev){
e = ev? ev : window.event;
var theTarget = resolveTarget(e);
var title = story.findContainingTiddler(theTarget).getAttribute("tiddler");
var box = document.getElementById("notesContainer"+title);
config.macros.notes.editNotes(box,title);
e.cancelBubble = true;
if(e.stopPropagation) e.stopPropagation();
return false;
},
handler : function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler){
params = paramString.parseParams("anon",null,true,false,false);
var heading = getParam(params,"heading",this.heading);
var tag = getParam(params,"tag",this.tag);
var suffix = getParam(params,"suffix",this.suffix);
var box = createTiddlyElement(place,"div","notesContainer"+tiddler.title,"TiddlerNotes",null,{"source":tiddler.title,params:paramString,heading:heading,tag:tag,suffix:suffix});
createTiddlyButton(box,this.editLabel,this.editLabel,this.editNotesButtonOnclick,"editNotesButton");
wikify("!!"+heading+"\n",box);
box.title=this.editTitle;
box.ondblclick = this.ondblclick;
wikify("<<tiddler [["+tiddler.title+"-"+suffix+"]]>>",box);
}
};
Story.prototype.old_notes_closeTiddler = Story.prototype.closeTiddler;
Story.prototype.closeTiddler = function(title,animate,unused){
if(story.isDirty(title)) {
if(!confirm(config.macros.notes.cancelWarning.format([title])))
return false;
}
return this.old_notes_closeTiddler.apply(this,arguments);
}
setStylesheet(".TiddlerNotes {\n"+ " background:#eee;\n"+ " border:1px solid #ccc;\n"+ " padding:10px;\n"+ " margin:15px;\n"+ "}\n"+ "\n"+ ".cancelNotesButton,.editNotesButton, .saveNotesButton {\n"+ " float:right;\n"+ " border:1px solid #ccc;\n"+ " padding:2px 5px;\n"+ "}\n"+ "\n"+ ".saveNotesButton{\n"+ " margin-right:0.5em;\n"+ "}\n"+ "\n"+ ".TiddlerNotes.editor textarea{\n"+ " border:1px solid #ccc;\n"+ "}","NotesPluginStyles");
//!END-PLUGIN-CODE
// %/
/***
|''Name:''|TiddlersBarPlugin|
|''Description:''|A bar to switch between tiddlers through tabs (like browser tabs bar).|
|''Version:''|1.2.5|
|''Date:''|Jan 18,2008|
|''Source:''|http://visualtw.ouvaton.org/VisualTW.html|
|''Author:''|Pascal Collin|
|''License:''|[[BSD open source license|License]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.1.0|
|''Browser:''|Firefox 2.0; InternetExplorer 6.0, others|
!Demos
On [[homepage|http://visualtw.ouvaton.org/VisualTW.html]], open several tiddlers to use the tabs bar.
!Installation
#import this tiddler from [[homepage|http://visualtw.ouvaton.org/VisualTW.html]] (tagged as systemConfig)
#save and reload
#''if you're using a custom [[PageTemplate]]'', add {{{<div id='tiddlersBar' refresh='none' ondblclick='config.macros.tiddlersBar.onTiddlersBarAction(event)'></div>}}} before {{{<div id='tiddlerDisplay'></div>}}}
#optionally, adjust StyleSheetTiddlersBar
!Tips
*Doubleclick on the tiddlers bar (where there is no tab) create a new tiddler.
*Tabs include a button to close {{{x}}} or save {{{!}}} their tiddler.
*By default, click on the current tab close all others tiddlers.
!Configuration options
<<option chkDisableTabsBar>> Disable the tabs bar (to print, by example).
<<option chkHideTabsBarWhenSingleTab >> Automatically hide the tabs bar when only one tiddler is displayed.
<<option txtSelectedTiddlerTabButton>> ''selected'' tab command button.
<<option txtPreviousTabKey>> previous tab access key.
<<option txtNextTabKey>> next tab access key.
!Code
***/
//{{{
config.options.chkDisableTabsBar = config.options.chkDisableTabsBar ? config.options.chkDisableTabsBar : false;
config.options.chkHideTabsBarWhenSingleTab = config.options.chkHideTabsBarWhenSingleTab ? config.options.chkHideTabsBarWhenSingleTab : false;
config.options.txtSelectedTiddlerTabButton = config.options.txtSelectedTiddlerTabButton ? config.options.txtSelectedTiddlerTabButton : "closeOthers";
config.options.txtPreviousTabKey = config.options.txtPreviousTabKey ? config.options.txtPreviousTabKey : "";
config.options.txtNextTabKey = config.options.txtNextTabKey ? config.options.txtNextTabKey : "";
config.macros.tiddlersBar = {
tooltip : "see ",
tooltipClose : "click here to close this tab",
tooltipSave : "click here to save this tab",
promptRename : "Enter tiddler new name",
currentTiddler : "",
previousState : false,
previousKey : config.options.txtPreviousTabKey,
nextKey : config.options.txtNextTabKey,
tabsAnimationSource : null, //use document.getElementById("tiddlerDisplay") if you need animation on tab switching.
handler: function(place,macroName,params) {
var previous = null;
if (config.macros.tiddlersBar.isShown())
story.forEachTiddler(function(title,e){
if (title==config.macros.tiddlersBar.currentTiddler){
var d = createTiddlyElement(null,"span",null,"tab tabSelected");
config.macros.tiddlersBar.createActiveTabButton(d,title);
if (previous && config.macros.tiddlersBar.previousKey) previous.setAttribute("accessKey",config.macros.tiddlersBar.nextKey);
previous = "active";
}
else {
var d = createTiddlyElement(place,"span",null,"tab tabUnselected");
var btn = createTiddlyButton(d,title,config.macros.tiddlersBar.tooltip + title,config.macros.tiddlersBar.onSelectTab);
btn.setAttribute("tiddler", title);
if (previous=="active" && config.macros.tiddlersBar.nextKey) btn.setAttribute("accessKey",config.macros.tiddlersBar.previousKey);
previous=btn;
}
var isDirty =story.isDirty(title);
var c = createTiddlyButton(d,isDirty ?"!":"x",isDirty?config.macros.tiddlersBar.tooltipSave:config.macros.tiddlersBar.tooltipClose, isDirty ? config.macros.tiddlersBar.onTabSave : config.macros.tiddlersBar.onTabClose,"tabButton");
c.setAttribute("tiddler", title);
if (place.childNodes) {
place.insertBefore(document.createTextNode(" "),place.firstChild); // to allow break line here when many tiddlers are open
place.insertBefore(d,place.firstChild);
}
else place.appendChild(d);
})
},
refresh: function(place,params){
removeChildren(place);
config.macros.tiddlersBar.handler(place,"tiddlersBar",params);
if (config.macros.tiddlersBar.previousState!=config.macros.tiddlersBar.isShown()) {
story.refreshAllTiddlers();
if (config.macros.tiddlersBar.previousState) story.forEachTiddler(function(t,e){e.style.display="";});
config.macros.tiddlersBar.previousState = !config.macros.tiddlersBar.previousState;
}
},
isShown : function(){
if (config.options.chkDisableTabsBar) return false;
if (!config.options.chkHideTabsBarWhenSingleTab) return true;
var cpt=0;
story.forEachTiddler(function(){cpt++});
return (cpt>1);
},
selectNextTab : function(){ //used when the current tab is closed (to select another tab)
var previous="";
story.forEachTiddler(function(title){
if (!config.macros.tiddlersBar.currentTiddler) {
story.displayTiddler(null,title);
return;
}
if (title==config.macros.tiddlersBar.currentTiddler) {
if (previous) {
story.displayTiddler(null,previous);
return;
}
else config.macros.tiddlersBar.currentTiddler=""; // so next tab will be selected
}
else previous=title;
});
},
onSelectTab : function(e){
var t = this.getAttribute("tiddler");
if (t) story.displayTiddler(null,t);
return false;
},
onTabClose : function(e){
var t = this.getAttribute("tiddler");
if (t) {
if(story.hasChanges(t) && !readOnly) {
if(!confirm(config.commands.cancelTiddler.warning.format([t])))
return false;
}
story.closeTiddler(t);
}
return false;
},
onTabSave : function(e) {
var t = this.getAttribute("tiddler");
if (!e) e=window.event;
if (t) config.commands.saveTiddler.handler(e,null,t);
return false;
},
onSelectedTabButtonClick : function(event,src,title) {
var t = this.getAttribute("tiddler");
if (!event) event=window.event;
if (t && config.options.txtSelectedTiddlerTabButton && config.commands[config.options.txtSelectedTiddlerTabButton])
config.commands[config.options.txtSelectedTiddlerTabButton].handler(event, src, t);
return false;
},
onTiddlersBarAction: function(event) {
var source = event.target ? event.target.id : event.srcElement.id; // FF uses target and IE uses srcElement;
if (source=="tiddlersBar") story.displayTiddler(null,'New Tiddler',DEFAULT_EDIT_TEMPLATE,false,null,null);
},
createActiveTabButton : function(place,title) {
if (config.options.txtSelectedTiddlerTabButton && config.commands[config.options.txtSelectedTiddlerTabButton]) {
var btn = createTiddlyButton(place, title, config.commands[config.options.txtSelectedTiddlerTabButton].tooltip ,config.macros.tiddlersBar.onSelectedTabButtonClick);
btn.setAttribute("tiddler", title);
}
else
createTiddlyText(place,title);
}
}
story.coreCloseTiddler = story.coreCloseTiddler? story.coreCloseTiddler : story.closeTiddler;
story.coreDisplayTiddler = story.coreDisplayTiddler ? story.coreDisplayTiddler : story.displayTiddler;
story.closeTiddler = function(title,animate,unused) {
if (title==config.macros.tiddlersBar.currentTiddler)
config.macros.tiddlersBar.selectNextTab();
story.coreCloseTiddler(title,false,unused); //disable animation to get it closed before calling tiddlersBar.refresh
var e=document.getElementById("tiddlersBar");
if (e) config.macros.tiddlersBar.refresh(e,null);
}
story.displayTiddler = function(srcElement,tiddler,template,animate,unused,customFields,toggle){
story.coreDisplayTiddler(config.macros.tiddlersBar.tabsAnimationSource,tiddler,template,animate,unused,customFields,toggle);
var title = (tiddler instanceof Tiddler)? tiddler.title : tiddler;
if (config.macros.tiddlersBar.isShown()) {
story.forEachTiddler(function(t,e){
if (t!=title) e.style.display="none";
else e.style.display="";
})
config.macros.tiddlersBar.currentTiddler=title;
}
var e=document.getElementById("tiddlersBar");
if (e) config.macros.tiddlersBar.refresh(e,null);
}
var coreRefreshPageTemplate = coreRefreshPageTemplate ? coreRefreshPageTemplate : refreshPageTemplate;
refreshPageTemplate = function(title) {
coreRefreshPageTemplate(title);
if (config.macros.tiddlersBar) config.macros.tiddlersBar.refresh(document.getElementById("tiddlersBar"));
}
ensureVisible=function (e) {return 0} //disable bottom scrolling (not useful now)
config.shadowTiddlers.StyleSheetTiddlersBar = "/*{{{*/\n";
config.shadowTiddlers.StyleSheetTiddlersBar += "#tiddlersBar .button {border:0}\n";
config.shadowTiddlers.StyleSheetTiddlersBar += "#tiddlersBar .tab {white-space:nowrap}\n";
config.shadowTiddlers.StyleSheetTiddlersBar += "#tiddlersBar {padding : 1em 0.5em 2px 0.5em}\n";
config.shadowTiddlers.StyleSheetTiddlersBar += ".tabUnselected .tabButton, .tabSelected .tabButton {padding : 0 2px 0 2px; margin: 0 0 0 4px;}\n";
config.shadowTiddlers.StyleSheetTiddlersBar += ".tiddler, .tabContents {border:1px [[ColorPalette::TertiaryPale]] solid;}\n";
config.shadowTiddlers.StyleSheetTiddlersBar +="/*}}}*/";
store.addNotification("StyleSheetTiddlersBar", refreshStyles);
config.refreshers.none = function(){return true;}
config.shadowTiddlers.PageTemplate=config.shadowTiddlers.PageTemplate.replace(/<div id='tiddlerDisplay'><\/div>/m,"<div id='tiddlersBar' refresh='none' ondblclick='config.macros.tiddlersBar.onTiddlersBarAction(event)'></div>\n<div id='tiddlerDisplay'></div>");
//}}}
These tiddlers need to be rewritten: <<tag Rewrite>>
The following tiddlers have todos in them:
<<referrers>>
/***
|Name:|ToggleTagPlugin|
|Description:|Makes a checkbox which toggles a tag in a tiddler|
|Version:|3.1.0 ($Rev: 4907 $)|
|Date:|$Date: 2008-05-13 03:15:46 +1000 (Tue, 13 May 2008) $|
|Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#ToggleTagPlugin|
|Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
|License:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
!!Usage
{{{<<toggleTag }}}//{{{TagName TiddlerName LabelText}}}//{{{>>}}}
* TagName - the tag to be toggled, default value "checked"
* TiddlerName - the tiddler to toggle the tag in, default value the current tiddler
* LabelText - the text (gets wikified) to put next to the check box, default value is '{{{[[TagName]]}}}' or '{{{[[TagName]] [[TiddlerName]]}}}'
(If a parameter is '.' then the default will be used)
* TouchMod flag - if non empty then touch the tiddlers mod date. Note, can set config.toggleTagAlwaysTouchModDate to always touch mod date
!!Examples
|Code|Description|Example|h
|{{{<<toggleTag>>}}}|Toggles the default tag (checked) in this tiddler|<<toggleTag>>|
|{{{<<toggleTag TagName>>}}}|Toggles the TagName tag in this tiddler|<<toggleTag TagName>>|
|{{{<<toggleTag TagName TiddlerName>>}}}|Toggles the TagName tag in the TiddlerName tiddler|<<toggleTag TagName TiddlerName>>|
|{{{<<toggleTag TagName TiddlerName 'click me'>>}}}|Same but with custom label|<<toggleTag TagName TiddlerName 'click me'>>|
|{{{<<toggleTag . . 'click me'>>}}}|dot means use default value|<<toggleTag . . 'click me'>>|
!!Notes
* If TiddlerName doesn't exist it will be silently created
* Set label to '-' to specify no label
* See also http://mgtd-alpha.tiddlyspot.com/#ToggleTag2
!!Known issues
* Doesn't smoothly handle the case where you toggle a tag in a tiddler that is current open for editing
* Should convert to use named params
***/
//{{{
if (config.toggleTagAlwaysTouchModDate == undefined) config.toggleTagAlwaysTouchModDate = false;
merge(config.macros,{
toggleTag: {
createIfRequired: true,
shortLabel: "[[%0]]",
longLabel: "[[%0]] [[%1]]",
handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
var tiddlerTitle = tiddler ? tiddler.title : '';
var tag = (params[0] && params[0] != '.') ? params[0] : "checked";
var title = (params[1] && params[1] != '.') ? params[1] : tiddlerTitle;
var defaultLabel = (title == tiddlerTitle ? this.shortLabel : this.longLabel);
var label = (params[2] && params[2] != '.') ? params[2] : defaultLabel;
var touchMod = (params[3] && params[3] != '.') ? params[3] : "";
label = (label == '-' ? '' : label); // dash means no label
var theTiddler = (title == tiddlerTitle ? tiddler : store.getTiddler(title));
var cb = createTiddlyCheckbox(place, label.format([tag,title]), theTiddler && theTiddler.isTagged(tag), function(e) {
if (!store.tiddlerExists(title)) {
if (config.macros.toggleTag.createIfRequired) {
var content = store.getTiddlerText(title); // just in case it's a shadow
store.saveTiddler(title,title,content?content:"",config.options.txtUserName,new Date(),null);
}
else
return false;
}
if ((touchMod != "" || config.toggleTagAlwaysTouchModDate) && theTiddler)
theTiddler.modified = new Date();
store.setTiddlerTag(title,this.checked,tag);
return true;
});
}
}
});
//}}}
Where nations mobilize their entire populations to war. Two examples are the [[First World War]] and [[Second World War]].
Large publicly traded companies that operate on a global scale. Ie. Walmart, Sony.
See TNCs.
The peace agreement at the end of the [[First World War]] that put the terms of reparations on Germany for starting the war.
There were two very different branches of thinking developed in this treaty. The first was US President Woodrow [[Wilson]]'s noble [[14 Points]] and an attempt at creating a series of institutions and structures that would prevent this style of war from ever happening again. Here is emphasis on [[Self-Determination]] and a view to move way from [[Imperialism]] and toward [[Collective Security]], and the development of the [[League of Nations]].
The other line of thinking was pushed by the European powers who demanded Germany admit guilt for the start of the war, and reparations. Germany was stripped of 13% of its [[Territory]] and a special commission was set up to administer the payment from Germany to the other powers. There were other rules: Germany was not allowed to develop its military beyond 100,000 men. Only small arms would be produced within the country, and no airplanes, munitions, cars would be manufactured.
These terms were dictated to the Germans, drawn up almost exclusively by the allied four (US, Britain, France and Italy). This fostered extreme resentment within Germany. Even when the reparations were scaled down to nothing, and by 1935 the only elements of this treaty still in effect were the territorial transfers.
What followed was the [[Inter War Period]].
A tribe is a group of people based on a common physical kinship, ethnicity, culture and tradition.
"Statement made by President Harry Truman in March 1947 that it 'must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures'. Indended to persuade Congress to support limited aid to Turkey and Greece the doctrine came to underpin the policy of containment and American economic and political support for its allies" GoWP, p. 77.
Brown, Chris and Ainley, Kirsten. Understanding International Relations. Third Edition. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
Successor to the [[League of Nations]], the UN grew out of the [[Atlantic Charter]] that was developed by FDR and Churchill during the [[Second World War]].
The UN has three main purposes:
* Maintain international peace,
* Develop friendly relations between states,
* Cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems and promoting [[Human Rights]] and freedoms.
There are six parts to the UN
# The General Assembly; where all nations meet in a parliamentary setting.
# The Security Council; the most important, made of 5 permanent members (the US, Russia, China, France and UK) and 10 non-permanent (elected for a period of two years from regional groups). Each decision must be won with by a majority, and the permanent members each have a veto.
# The UN Secretariat
# The Economic and Social Council
# The International Court of Justice
# The Trusteeship Council.
The UN also includes several other specialized agencies, such as the World Bank, IMF, UNICEF and others.
The [[UN Security Council]] is a very important part of the United Nations for international relations. There are 15 members, of which 5 are permanent; Russia, US, France, Britain and China. The other ten are elected for two years from various regional groups, Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Latin America and Oceania.
The [[UN General Assembily]] is also a very important element of the United Nations system.
''The modern roles played by the UN are as follows:''
''Peace and Security''
* Traditional Peace Enforcement.
The security council gives a mandate to a state (historically the US and allies) to enforce a ruling.
* Traditional Peacekeeping
A lightly armed force using weapons only for defence, operating under the Secretary-General's control with the consent of the host government.
* Development in Cooperation between states, and the social and technical functions of that cooperation.
Specialized Agencies coordinate transnational activities, such as the World Bank. While other agencies and conferences establish the technical and social functions of development.
* The standard setting and monitoring of [[Human Rights]]
The basis of global understanding of Human Rights.
''Justice Within States''
* Humanitarian Assistance and the Rehabilitation of States
* Human Rights promotion, monitoring and enforcement
* International Standards, and Arms register
* Development and promotion of
* Peace-Keeping functions.
''
IRKeyConcepts, pp. 316-20
GoWP, Chapter 16, pp. 331-353.
| !date | !user | !location | !storeUrl | !uploadDir | !toFilename | !backupdir | !origin |
| 21/10/2006 11:27:28 | SamCarson | [[empty.20061021.0837060531.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/Wiki/empty.20061021.0837060531.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://samcarson.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 22/11/2006 0:7:28 | YourName | [[Globalization%20and%20IR%20Tiddely.html|file:///E:/Globalization%20and%20IR%20Tiddely.html#%5B%5BCritical%20Theory%5D%5D]] | [[store.php|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/store.php]] | | Globalization%20and%20IR%20Tiddely.html | |
| 22/11/2006 0:10:10 | YourName | [[Globalization%20and%20IR%20Tiddely.html|file:///E:/Globalization%20and%20IR%20Tiddely.html#%5B%5BCritical%20Theory%5D%5D]] | [[store.php|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/store.php]] | | InternationalRelations | |
| 22/11/2006 0:12:28 | YourName | [[Globalization%20and%20IR%20Tiddely.html|file:///E:/Globalization%20and%20IR%20Tiddely.html#%5B%5BCritical%20Theory%5D%5D]] | [[store.cgi|http://samcarson.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 21/1/2007 21:51:5 | Sam | [[Globalization%20and%20IR%20Tiddely.html|file:///home/sam/Globalization%20and%20IR%20Tiddely.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 21/1/2007 21:52:32 | Sam | [[Globalization%20and%20IR%20Tiddely.html|file:///home/sam/Globalization%20and%20IR%20Tiddely.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 21/1/2007 22:39:42 | Sam | [[/|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 23/1/2007 14:44:23 | Sam | [[/|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 6/2/2007 12:46:45 | Sam | [[/|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.php|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/store.php]] | | | |
| 6/2/2007 12:47:26 | Sam | [[/|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 6/2/2007 13:1:56 | Sam | [[/|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 2/3/2007 9:52:9 | Sam | [[/|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 4/3/2007 0:21:38 | SamCarson | [[Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://globalization.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 9/3/2007 13:49:38 | SamCarson | [[Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 9/3/2007 13:50:28 | SamCarson | [[Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 9/3/2007 14:6:12 | SamCarson | [[Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html]] | [[store.php|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/store.php]] | | Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html | |
| 9/3/2007 14:10:31 | SamCarson | [[Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 10/3/2007 11:17:1 | SamCarson | [[Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/Sam's%20Globalization%20tiddly.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 11/3/2007 22:20:28 | Sam | [[discourse.html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 16/3/2007 8:42:39 | SamCarson | [[discourse.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/discourse.html]] | [[store.php|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/store.php]] | | discourse.html | |
| 16/3/2007 8:42:56 | SamCarson | [[discourse.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/discourse.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 17/3/2007 7:52:9 | SamCarson | [[discourse.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/discourse.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 18/3/2007 21:41:43 | Sam | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 23/3/2007 16:37:57 | Sam | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 25/3/2007 11:16:52 | Sam | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 25/3/2007 11:32:10 | Sam | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 26/3/2007 23:58:15 | Sam | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 31/3/2007 10:15:33 | Sam | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 31/3/2007 12:14:43 | Sam | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 31/3/2007 14:57:0 | Sam | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 31/3/2007 23:22:42 | Sam | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html#Definitions%20%5B%5BDual%20Moral%20Standard%5D%5D%20ViewTemplate]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 1/4/2007 11:25:36 | SamCarson | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html#Definitions%20%5B%5BDual%20Moral%20Standard%5D%5D%20ViewTemplate]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 7/4/2007 15:48:3 | SamCarson | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 8/4/2007 16:30:20 | SamCarson | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 10/4/2007 7:34:20 | SamCarson | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 15/4/2007 11:29:15 | SamCarson | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . | Ok |
| 18/4/2007 8:19:50 | SamCarson | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 22/4/2007 17:19:26 | SamCarson | [[discourse(2).html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse(2).html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 16/5/2007 10:58:39 | SamCarson | [[discourse.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Sam/Desktop/discourse.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 25/5/2007 18:16:28 | SamCarson | [[Discourse.htm|file:///home/sam/Desktop/Discourse.htm]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 22/12/2007 12:11:5 | YourName | [[empty.html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/NewDir/empty.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 4/5/2008 13:1:9 | SamCarson | [[discourse.html|file:///home/sam/Desktop/discourse.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
| 18/1/2009 12:15:4 | SamCarson | [[Sustainable%20Discourse3.htm|file:///media/KINGSTON/Sustainable%20Discourse3.htm]] | [[store.cgi|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | index.html | . |
!Options used by UploadPlugin
Username: <<option txtUploadUserName>>
Password: <<option pasUploadPassword>>
Url of the UploadService script^^(1)^^: <<option txtUploadStoreUrl 50>>
Relative Directory where to store the file^^(2)^^: <<option txtUploadDir 50>>
Filename of the uploaded file^^(3)^^: <<option txtUploadFilename 40>>
Directory to backup file on webserver^^(4)^^: <<option txtUploadBackupDir>>
^^(1)^^Mandatory either in UploadOptions or in macro parameter
^^(2)^^If empty stores in the script directory
^^(3)^^If empty takes the actual filename
^^(4)^^If empty existing file with same name on webserver will be overwritten
<<upload>> with these options.
!Upload Macro parameters
{{{
<<upload [storeUrl [toFilename [backupDir [uploadDir [username]]]]]>>
Optional positional parameters can be passed to overwrite
UploadOptions.
}}}
/***
|''Name:''|UploadPlugin|
|''Description:''|Save to web a TiddlyWiki|
|''Version:''|3.4.4|
|''Date:''|Sep 30, 2006|
|''Source:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPlugin|
|''Documentation:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadDoc|
|''Author:''|BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info)|
|''License:''|[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D ]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.0.0|
|''Browser:''|Firefox 1.5; InternetExplorer 6.0; Safari|
|''Include:''|config.lib.file; config.lib.log; config.lib.options; PasswordTweak|
|''Require:''|[[UploadService|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadService]]|
***/
//{{{
version.extensions.UploadPlugin = {
major: 3, minor: 4, revision: 4,
date: new Date(2006,8,30),
source: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPlugin',
documentation: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadDoc',
author: 'BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info',
license: '[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D]]',
coreVersion: '2.0.0',
browser: 'Firefox 1.5; InternetExplorer 6.0; Safari'
};
//}}}
////+++!![config.lib.file]
//{{{
if (!config.lib) config.lib = {};
if (!config.lib.file) config.lib.file= {
author: 'BidiX',
version: {major: 0, minor: 1, revision: 0},
date: new Date(2006,3,9)
};
config.lib.file.dirname = function (filePath) {
var lastpos;
if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("/")) != -1) {
return filePath.substring(0, lastpos);
} else {
return filePath.substring(0, filePath.lastIndexOf("\\"));
}
};
config.lib.file.basename = function (filePath) {
var lastpos;
if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("#")) != -1)
filePath = filePath.substring(0, lastpos);
if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("/")) != -1) {
return filePath.substring(lastpos + 1);
} else
return filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
};
window.basename = function() {return "@@deprecated@@";};
//}}}
////===
////+++!![config.lib.log]
//{{{
if (!config.lib) config.lib = {};
if (!config.lib.log) config.lib.log= {
author: 'BidiX',
version: {major: 0, minor: 1, revision: 1},
date: new Date(2006,8,19)
};
config.lib.Log = function(tiddlerTitle, logHeader) {
if (version.major < 2)
this.tiddler = store.tiddlers[tiddlerTitle];
else
this.tiddler = store.getTiddler(tiddlerTitle);
if (!this.tiddler) {
this.tiddler = new Tiddler();
this.tiddler.title = tiddlerTitle;
this.tiddler.text = "| !date | !user | !location |" + logHeader;
this.tiddler.created = new Date();
this.tiddler.modifier = config.options.txtUserName;
this.tiddler.modified = new Date();
if (version.major < 2)
store.tiddlers[tiddlerTitle] = this.tiddler;
else
store.addTiddler(this.tiddler);
}
return this;
};
config.lib.Log.prototype.newLine = function (line) {
var now = new Date();
var newText = "| ";
newText += now.getDate()+"/"+(now.getMonth()+1)+"/"+now.getFullYear() + " ";
newText += now.getHours()+":"+now.getMinutes()+":"+now.getSeconds()+" | ";
newText += config.options.txtUserName + " | ";
var location = document.location.toString();
var filename = config.lib.file.basename(location);
if (!filename) filename = '/';
newText += "[["+filename+"|"+location + "]] |";
this.tiddler.text = this.tiddler.text + "\n" + newText;
this.addToLine(line);
};
config.lib.Log.prototype.addToLine = function (text) {
this.tiddler.text = this.tiddler.text + text;
this.tiddler.modifier = config.options.txtUserName;
this.tiddler.modified = new Date();
if (version.major < 2)
store.tiddlers[this.tiddler.tittle] = this.tiddler;
else {
store.addTiddler(this.tiddler);
story.refreshTiddler(this.tiddler.title);
store.notify(this.tiddler.title, true);
}
if (version.major < 2)
store.notifyAll();
};
//}}}
////===
////+++!![config.lib.options]
//{{{
if (!config.lib) config.lib = {};
if (!config.lib.options) config.lib.options = {
author: 'BidiX',
version: {major: 0, minor: 1, revision: 0},
date: new Date(2006,3,9)
};
config.lib.options.init = function (name, defaultValue) {
if (!config.options[name]) {
config.options[name] = defaultValue;
saveOptionCookie(name);
}
};
//}}}
////===
////+++!![PasswordTweak]
//{{{
version.extensions.PasswordTweak = {
major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 3, date: new Date(2006,8,30),
type: 'tweak',
source: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#PasswordTweak'
};
//}}}
/***
!!config.macros.option
***/
//{{{
config.macros.option.passwordCheckboxLabel = "Save this password on this computer";
config.macros.option.passwordType = "password"; // password | text
config.macros.option.onChangeOption = function(e)
{
var opt = this.getAttribute("option");
var elementType,valueField;
if(opt) {
switch(opt.substr(0,3)) {
case "txt":
elementType = "input";
valueField = "value";
break;
case "pas":
elementType = "input";
valueField = "value";
break;
case "chk":
elementType = "input";
valueField = "checked";
break;
}
config.options[opt] = this[valueField];
saveOptionCookie(opt);
var nodes = document.getElementsByTagName(elementType);
for(var t=0; t<nodes.length; t++)
{
var optNode = nodes[t].getAttribute("option");
if (opt == optNode)
nodes[t][valueField] = this[valueField];
}
}
return(true);
};
config.macros.option.handler = function(place,macroName,params)
{
var opt = params[0];
if(config.options[opt] === undefined) {
return;}
var c;
switch(opt.substr(0,3)) {
case "txt":
c = document.createElement("input");
c.onkeyup = this.onChangeOption;
c.setAttribute ("option",opt);
c.className = "txtOptionInput "+opt;
place.appendChild(c);
c.value = config.options[opt];
break;
case "pas":
// input password
c = document.createElement ("input");
c.setAttribute("type",config.macros.option.passwordType);
c.onkeyup = this.onChangeOption;
c.setAttribute("option",opt);
c.className = "pasOptionInput "+opt;
place.appendChild(c);
c.value = config.options[opt];
// checkbox link with this password "save this password on this computer"
c = document.createElement("input");
c.setAttribute("type","checkbox");
c.onclick = this.onChangeOption;
c.setAttribute("option","chk"+opt);
c.className = "chkOptionInput "+opt;
place.appendChild(c);
c.checked = config.options["chk"+opt];
// text savePasswordCheckboxLabel
place.appendChild(document.createTextNode(config.macros.option.passwordCheckboxLabel));
break;
case "chk":
c = document.createElement("input");
c.setAttribute("type","checkbox");
c.onclick = this.onChangeOption;
c.setAttribute("option",opt);
c.className = "chkOptionInput "+opt;
place.appendChild(c);
c.checked = config.options[opt];
break;
}
};
//}}}
/***
!! Option cookie stuff
***/
//{{{
window.loadOptionsCookie_orig_PasswordTweak = window.loadOptionsCookie;
window.loadOptionsCookie = function()
{
var cookies = document.cookie.split(";");
for(var c=0; c<cookies.length; c++) {
var p = cookies[c].indexOf("=");
if(p != -1) {
var name = cookies[c].substr(0,p).trim();
var value = cookies[c].substr(p+1).trim();
switch(name.substr(0,3)) {
case "txt":
config.options[name] = unescape(value);
break;
case "pas":
config.options[name] = unescape(value);
break;
case "chk":
config.options[name] = value == "true";
break;
}
}
}
};
window.saveOptionCookie_orig_PasswordTweak = window.saveOptionCookie;
window.saveOptionCookie = function(name)
{
var c = name + "=";
switch(name.substr(0,3)) {
case "txt":
c += escape(config.options[name].toString());
break;
case "chk":
c += config.options[name] ? "true" : "false";
// is there an option link with this chk ?
if (config.options[name.substr(3)]) {
saveOptionCookie(name.substr(3));
}
break;
case "pas":
if (config.options["chk"+name]) {
c += escape(config.options[name].toString());
} else {
c += "";
}
break;
}
c += "; expires=Fri, 1 Jan 2038 12:00:00 UTC; path=/";
document.cookie = c;
};
//}}}
/***
!! Initializations
***/
//{{{
// define config.options.pasPassword
if (!config.options.pasPassword) {
config.options.pasPassword = 'defaultPassword';
window.saveOptionCookie('pasPassword');
}
// since loadCookies is first called befor password definition
// we need to reload cookies
window.loadOptionsCookie();
//}}}
////===
////+++!![config.macros.upload]
//{{{
config.macros.upload = {
accessKey: "U",
formName: "UploadPlugin",
contentType: "text/html;charset=UTF-8",
defaultStoreScript: "store.php"
};
// only this two configs need to be translated
config.macros.upload.messages = {
aboutToUpload: "About to upload TiddlyWiki to %0",
backupFileStored: "Previous file backuped in %0",
crossDomain: "Certainly a cross-domain isue: access to an other site isn't allowed",
errorDownloading: "Error downloading",
errorUploadingContent: "Error uploading content",
fileLocked: "Files is locked: You are not allowed to Upload",
fileNotFound: "file to upload not found",
fileNotUploaded: "File %0 NOT uploaded",
mainFileUploaded: "Main TiddlyWiki file uploaded to %0",
passwordEmpty: "Unable to upload, your password is empty",
urlParamMissing: "url param missing",
rssFileNotUploaded: "RssFile %0 NOT uploaded",
rssFileUploaded: "Rss File uploaded to %0"
};
config.macros.upload.label = {
promptOption: "Save and Upload this TiddlyWiki with UploadOptions",
promptParamMacro: "Save and Upload this TiddlyWiki in %0",
saveLabel: "save to web",
saveToDisk: "save to disk",
uploadLabel: "upload"
};
config.macros.upload.handler = function(place,macroName,params){
// parameters initialization
var storeUrl = params[0];
var toFilename = params[1];
var backupDir = params[2];
var uploadDir = params[3];
var username = params[4];
var password; // for security reason no password as macro parameter
var label;
if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http")
label = this.label.saveLabel;
else
label = this.label.uploadLabel;
var prompt;
if (storeUrl) {
prompt = this.label.promptParamMacro.toString().format([this.toDirUrl(storeUrl, uploadDir, username)]);
}
else {
prompt = this.label.promptOption;
}
createTiddlyButton(place, label, prompt,
function () {
config.macros.upload.upload(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, username, password);
return false;},
null, null, this.accessKey);
};
config.macros.upload.UploadLog = function() {
return new config.lib.Log('UploadLog', " !storeUrl | !uploadDir | !toFilename | !backupdir | !origin |" );
};
config.macros.upload.UploadLog.prototype = config.lib.Log.prototype;
config.macros.upload.UploadLog.prototype.startUpload = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir) {
var line = " [[" + config.lib.file.basename(storeUrl) + "|" + storeUrl + "]] | ";
line += uploadDir + " | " + toFilename + " | " + backupDir + " |";
this.newLine(line);
};
config.macros.upload.UploadLog.prototype.endUpload = function() {
this.addToLine(" Ok |");
};
config.macros.upload.basename = config.lib.file.basename;
config.macros.upload.dirname = config.lib.file.dirname;
config.macros.upload.toRootUrl = function (storeUrl, username)
{
return root = (this.dirname(storeUrl)?this.dirname(storeUrl):this.dirname(document.location.toString()));
}
config.macros.upload.toDirUrl = function (storeUrl, uploadDir, username)
{
var root = this.toRootUrl(storeUrl, username);
if (uploadDir && uploadDir != '.')
root = root + '/' + uploadDir;
return root;
}
config.macros.upload.toFileUrl = function (storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, username)
{
return this.toDirUrl(storeUrl, uploadDir, username) + '/' + toFilename;
}
config.macros.upload.upload = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, username, password)
{
// parameters initialization
storeUrl = (storeUrl ? storeUrl : config.options.txtUploadStoreUrl);
toFilename = (toFilename ? toFilename : config.options.txtUploadFilename);
backupDir = (backupDir ? backupDir : config.options.txtUploadBackupDir);
uploadDir = (uploadDir ? uploadDir : config.options.txtUploadDir);
username = (username ? username : config.options.txtUploadUserName);
password = config.options.pasUploadPassword; // for security reason no password as macro parameter
if (!password || password === '') {
alert(config.macros.upload.messages.passwordEmpty);
return;
}
if (storeUrl === '') {
storeUrl = config.macros.upload.defaultStoreScript;
}
if (config.lib.file.dirname(storeUrl) === '') {
storeUrl = config.lib.file.dirname(document.location.toString())+'/'+storeUrl;
}
if (toFilename === '') {
toFilename = config.lib.file.basename(document.location.toString());
}
clearMessage();
// only for forcing the message to display
if (version.major < 2)
store.notifyAll();
if (!storeUrl) {
alert(config.macros.upload.messages.urlParamMissing);
return;
}
// Check that file is not locked
if (window.BidiX && BidiX.GroupAuthoring && BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock) {
if (BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock.isLocked() && !BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock.isMyLock()) {
alert(config.macros.upload.messages.fileLocked);
return;
}
}
var log = new this.UploadLog();
log.startUpload(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir);
if (document.location.toString().substr(0,5) == "file:") {
saveChanges();
}
var toDir = config.macros.upload.toDirUrl(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, username);
displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.aboutToUpload.format([toDir]), toDir);
this.uploadChanges(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, username, password);
if(config.options.chkGenerateAnRssFeed) {
//var rssContent = convertUnicodeToUTF8(generateRss());
var rssContent = generateRss();
var rssPath = toFilename.substr(0,toFilename.lastIndexOf(".")) + ".xml";
this.uploadContent(rssContent, storeUrl, rssPath, uploadDir, '', username, password,
function (responseText) {
if (responseText.substring(0,1) != '0') {
displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.rssFileNotUploaded.format([rssPath]));
}
else {
var toFileUrl = config.macros.upload.toFileUrl(storeUrl, rssPath, uploadDir, username);
displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.rssFileUploaded.format(
[toFileUrl]), toFileUrl);
}
// for debugging store.php uncomment last line
//DEBUG alert(responseText);
});
}
return;
};
config.macros.upload.uploadChanges = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir,
username, password) {
var original;
if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http") {
original = this.download(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, username, password);
return;
}
else {
// standard way : Local file
original = loadFile(getLocalPath(document.location.toString()));
if(window.Components) {
// it's a mozilla browser
try {
netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege("UniversalXPConnect");
var converter = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/intl/scriptableunicodeconverter"]
.createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIScriptableUnicodeConverter);
converter.charset = "UTF-8";
original = converter.ConvertToUnicode(original);
}
catch(e) {
}
}
}
//DEBUG alert(original);
this.uploadChangesFrom(original, storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir,
username, password);
};
config.macros.upload.uploadChangesFrom = function(original, storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir,
username, password) {
var startSaveArea = '<div id="' + 'storeArea">'; // Split up into two so that indexOf() of this source doesn't find it
var endSaveArea = '</d' + 'iv>';
// Locate the storeArea div's
var posOpeningDiv = original.indexOf(startSaveArea);
var posClosingDiv = original.lastIndexOf(endSaveArea);
if((posOpeningDiv == -1) || (posClosingDiv == -1))
{
alert(config.messages.invalidFileError.format([document.location.toString()]));
return;
}
var revised = original.substr(0,posOpeningDiv + startSaveArea.length) +
allTiddlersAsHtml() + "\n\t\t" +
original.substr(posClosingDiv);
var newSiteTitle;
if(version.major < 2){
newSiteTitle = (getElementText("siteTitle") + " - " + getElementText("siteSubtitle")).htmlEncode();
} else {
newSiteTitle = (wikifyPlain ("SiteTitle") + " - " + wikifyPlain ("SiteSubtitle")).htmlEncode();
}
revised = revised.replaceChunk("<title"+">","</title"+">"," " + newSiteTitle + " ");
revised = revised.replaceChunk("<!--PRE-HEAD-START--"+">","<!--PRE-HEAD-END--"+">","\n" + store.getTiddlerText("MarkupPreHead","") + "\n");
revised = revised.replaceChunk("<!--POST-HEAD-START--"+">","<!--POST-HEAD-END--"+">","\n" + store.getTiddlerText("MarkupPostHead","") + "\n");
revised = revised.replaceChunk("<!--PRE-BODY-START--"+">","<!--PRE-BODY-END--"+">","\n" + store.getTiddlerText("MarkupPreBody","") + "\n");
revised = revised.replaceChunk("<!--POST-BODY-START--"+">","<!--POST-BODY-END--"+">","\n" + store.getTiddlerText("MarkupPostBody","") + "\n");
var response = this.uploadContent(revised, storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir,
username, password, function (responseText) {
if (responseText.substring(0,1) != '0') {
alert(responseText);
displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.fileNotUploaded.format([getLocalPath(document.location.toString())]));
}
else {
if (uploadDir !== '') {
toFilename = uploadDir + "/" + config.macros.upload.basename(toFilename);
} else {
toFilename = config.macros.upload.basename(toFilename);
}
var toFileUrl = config.macros.upload.toFileUrl(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, username);
if (responseText.indexOf("destfile:") > 0) {
var destfile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("destfile:")+9,
responseText.indexOf("\n", responseText.indexOf("destfile:")));
toFileUrl = config.macros.upload.toRootUrl(storeUrl, username) + '/' + destfile;
}
else {
toFileUrl = config.macros.upload.toFileUrl(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, username);
}
displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.mainFileUploaded.format(
[toFileUrl]), toFileUrl);
if (backupDir && responseText.indexOf("backupfile:") > 0) {
var backupFile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("backupfile:")+11,
responseText.indexOf("\n", responseText.indexOf("backupfile:")));
toBackupUrl = config.macros.upload.toRootUrl(storeUrl, username) + '/' + backupFile;
displayMessage(config.macros.upload.messages.backupFileStored.format(
[toBackupUrl]), toBackupUrl);
}
var log = new config.macros.upload.UploadLog();
log.endUpload();
store.setDirty(false);
// erase local lock
if (window.BidiX && BidiX.GroupAuthoring && BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock) {
BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock.eraseLock();
// change mtime with new mtime after upload
var mtime = responseText.substr(responseText.indexOf("mtime:")+6);
BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock.mtime = mtime;
}
}
// for debugging store.php uncomment last line
//DEBUG alert(responseText);
}
);
};
config.macros.upload.uploadContent = function(content, storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir,
username, password, callbackFn) {
var boundary = "---------------------------"+"AaB03x";
var request;
try {
request = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
catch (e) {
request = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
}
if (window.netscape){
try {
if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) != "http") {
netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege('UniversalBrowserRead');}
}
catch (e) {}
}
//DEBUG alert("user["+config.options.txtUploadUserName+"] password[" + config.options.pasUploadPassword + "]");
// compose headers data
var sheader = "";
sheader += "--" + boundary + "\r\nContent-disposition: form-data; name=\"";
sheader += config.macros.upload.formName +"\"\r\n\r\n";
sheader += "backupDir="+backupDir
+";user=" + username
+";password=" + password
+";uploaddir=" + uploadDir;
// add lock attributes to sheader
if (window.BidiX && BidiX.GroupAuthoring && BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock) {
var l = BidiX.GroupAuthoring.lock.myLock;
sheader += ";lockuser=" + l.user
+ ";mtime=" + l.mtime
+ ";locktime=" + l.locktime;
}
sheader += ";;\r\n";
sheader += "\r\n" + "--" + boundary + "\r\n";
sheader += "Content-disposition: form-data; name=\"userfile\"; filename=\""+toFilename+"\"\r\n";
sheader += "Content-Type: " + config.macros.upload.contentType + "\r\n";
sheader += "Content-Length: " + content.length + "\r\n\r\n";
// compose trailer data
var strailer = new String();
strailer = "\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n";
//strailer = "--" + boundary + "--\r\n";
var data;
data = sheader + content + strailer;
//request.open("POST", storeUrl, true, username, password);
try {
request.open("POST", storeUrl, true);
}
catch(e) {
alert(config.macros.upload.messages.crossDomain + "\nError:" +e);
exit;
}
request.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (request.readyState == 4) {
if (request.status == 200)
callbackFn(request.responseText);
else
alert(config.macros.upload.messages.errorUploadingContent + "\nStatus: "+request.status.statusText);
}
};
request.setRequestHeader("Content-Length",data.length);
request.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","multipart/form-data; boundary="+boundary);
request.send(data);
};
config.macros.upload.download = function(uploadUrl, uploadToFilename, uploadDir, uploadBackupDir,
username, password) {
var request;
try {
request = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
catch (e) {
request = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
}
try {
if (uploadUrl.substr(0,4) == "http") {
netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege("UniversalBrowserRead");
}
else {
netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege("UniversalXPConnect");
}
} catch (e) { }
//request.open("GET", document.location.toString(), true, username, password);
try {
request.open("GET", document.location.toString(), true);
}
catch(e) {
alert(config.macros.upload.messages.crossDomain + "\nError:" +e);
exit;
}
request.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (request.readyState == 4) {
if(request.status == 200) {
config.macros.upload.uploadChangesFrom(request.responseText, uploadUrl,
uploadToFilename, uploadDir, uploadBackupDir, username, password);
}
else
alert(config.macros.upload.messages.errorDownloading.format(
[document.location.toString()]) + "\nStatus: "+request.status.statusText);
}
};
request.send(null);
};
//}}}
////===
////+++!![Initializations]
//{{{
config.lib.options.init('txtUploadStoreUrl','store.php');
config.lib.options.init('txtUploadFilename','');
config.lib.options.init('txtUploadDir','');
config.lib.options.init('txtUploadBackupDir','');
config.lib.options.init('txtUploadUserName',config.options.txtUserName);
config.lib.options.init('pasUploadPassword','');
setStylesheet(
".pasOptionInput {width: 11em;}\n"+
".txtOptionInput.txtUploadStoreUrl {width: 25em;}\n"+
".txtOptionInput.txtUploadFilename {width: 25em;}\n"+
".txtOptionInput.txtUploadDir {width: 25em;}\n"+
".txtOptionInput.txtUploadBackupDir {width: 25em;}\n"+
"",
"UploadOptionsStyles");
config.shadowTiddlers.UploadDoc = "[[Full Documentation|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/l#UploadDoc ]]\n";
config.options.chkAutoSave = false; saveOptionCookie('chkAutoSave');
//}}}
////===
////+++!![Core Hijacking]
//{{{
config.macros.saveChanges.label_orig_UploadPlugin = config.macros.saveChanges.label;
config.macros.saveChanges.label = config.macros.upload.label.saveToDisk;
config.macros.saveChanges.handler_orig_UploadPlugin = config.macros.saveChanges.handler;
config.macros.saveChanges.handler = function(place)
{
if ((!readOnly) && (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) != "http"))
createTiddlyButton(place,this.label,this.prompt,this.onClick,null,null,this.accessKey);
};
//}}}
////===
Grosby, Steven. //Nationalism, a Very Short Introduction//. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
From Public Library.
The following tiddlers contain references to this work:
An important concept for Machiavelli.
"The Prince must cultivate, not traditional virtue, but Machiavellian [[Virtu]]. He must be bold, resolute, flexible, prepared to break promises and act against charity, truth religion, and humanity. The prince must combine the cunning of the fox with the strength of the lion and be devious, ruthless, violent of cruel as the situation demands. Political necessity frequently demands that the prince learns how not to be good. When the occasion requires it, the prince must adopt any means necessary. If princes succeed in conquest and in preserving states, they will be honoured and praised regardless of the means used since 'as to the actions of all men and especially those of princes... everyone looks to their result' (//Prince// XV 111)." IMPPhilo, p. 22.
World Trade Organization.
Stemmed from the previous [[GATT]] as an international agreement on free trade.
Prolific Marxist theorist.
Eastern European countries aligned and under the influence of the Soviet Union during the [[Cold War]].
The term (sometimes pejorative) associated with the promotion of Neo-Liberalism through the institutions of the [[IMF]], [[WTO]], and [[World Bank]].
This document is a ~TiddlyWiki from tiddlyspot.com. A ~TiddlyWiki is an electronic notebook that is great for managing todo lists, personal information, and all sorts of things.
@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //What now?// @@ Before you can save any changes, you need to enter your password in the form below. Then configure privacy and other site settings at your [[control panel|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/controlpanel]] (your control panel username is //discourse//).
<<tiddler tiddlyspotControls>>
@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Working online// @@ You can edit this ~TiddlyWiki right now, and save your changes using the "save to web" button in the column on the right.
@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Working offline// @@ A fully functioning copy of this ~TiddlyWiki can be saved onto your hard drive or USB stick. You can make changes and save them locally without being connected to the Internet. When you're ready to sync up again, just click "upload" and your ~TiddlyWiki will be saved back to tiddlyspot.com.
@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Help!// @@ Find out more about ~TiddlyWiki at [[TiddlyWiki.com|http://tiddlywiki.com]]. Also visit [[TiddlyWiki Guides|http://tiddlywikiguides.org]] for documentation on learning and using ~TiddlyWiki. New users are especially welcome on the [[TiddlyWiki mailing list|http://groups.google.com/group/TiddlyWiki]], which is an excellent place to ask questions and get help. If you have a tiddlyspot related problem email [[tiddlyspot support|mailto:support@tiddlyspot.com]].
@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Enjoy :)// @@ We hope you like using your tiddlyspot.com site. Please email [[feedback@tiddlyspot.com|mailto:feedback@tiddlyspot.com]] with any comments or suggestions.
!Definition
“A welfare state is a state in which organized power is deliberately used (through politics and administration) in an effort to modify the play of market forces in at least three directions 0 first, by guaranteeing individuals and families a minimum income irrespective of the market value of their work and property; second by marrowing the extent of insecurity by enabling individuals and families to meet certain 'social contingencies' (for example sickness, old age and unemployment) which lead otherwise to individual and family crises; and third, by ensuring that all citizens without distinction of status or class are offered the best standards available in relation to a certain range of social services.” Asa Briggs “The Welfare State in Historical Perspective”, The WelStateReader.
!Historical Considerations of the welfare state:
# [[Market Forces]] cause problems for citizens, balance by the state.
# The modern [[Social Contingencies]] are the result of [[Industrialization]]. Previous systems of production had different solutions: family and clan, religion, etc. all provided different support for the individual at different times in history. For the modern person in the industrialized world, this support is provided by the welfare state.
# This system is unique, using organized power is different from before when the individual was supported by families, or religious institutions.
# The range of social services are not fixed, and evolve and change. For example, in the US there is no social health system, in the UK there is a tiered system, and in Canada there is only one system. All of these systems are in a constant state of change.
# The ways in which [[Government Intervention]] occurs is also dynamic and different between states, and are a product of historical evolution.
!Five factors of the 20th Century Welfare State:
* There has been a basic transformation in the attitude toward poverty.
* There has been much investigation into the social contingencies, and the result has been [[Social Policy]].
* There is a strong association between unemployment and welfare policy.
* The development within capitalism of welfare philosophies and practices.
* The new found influence of the working class on politics and on welfare legislation.
!Important Elements of the Welfare State
* Direct employment - NHS is the largest employer in the UK, government employs large numbers of women through welfare state programmes.
* [[Transfer Payments]] - State benefits.
* State services - such as [[Public Health]] and [[Public Education]].
* State subsidized private services - ie rubbish collection.
* Tax credits and allowances.
* Mandatory [[Insurance]].
* Regulation of private markets.
The [[Global City]] has become a central political power.
Professor and member of [[The English School]] of international relations. Developed the "three Rs" approach to classification used by this tiddlywiki: [[Realism]], [[Rationalism]], and [[Revolutionism]].
/***
|''Name:''|WikiBar|
|''Version:''|2.0.0 beta3|
|''Source:''|[[AiddlyWiki|http://aiddlywiki.sourceforge.net]]|
|''Author:''|[[Arphen Lin|mailto:arphenlin@gmail.com]]|
|''Type:''|toolbar macro command extension|
|''Required:''|TiddlyWiki 2.0.0 beta6|
!Description
WikiBar is a toolbar that gives access to most of TiddlyWiki's formatting features with a few clicks. It's a handy tool for people who are not familiar with TiddlyWiki syntax.
Besides, with WikiBar-addons, users can extend the power of WikiBar.
!Support browser
*Firefox 1.5
!Revision history
*v2.0.0 beta3 (2005/12/30)
** remove macros (replaced by TWMacro addon)
** add wikibar command in toolbar automatically
** rename DOIT to HANDLER
** rename TIP to TOOLTIP
*v2.0.0 beta2 (2005/12/21)
** re-design Wikibar addon framework
*v2.0.0 beta1 (2005/12/14)
** Note:
*** WikiBarPlugin is renamed to WikiBar
** New Features:
*** support TiddlyWiki 2.0.0 template mechanism
*** new wikibar data structure
*** new wikibar-addon framework for developers
**** support dynamic popup menu generator
*** support most new macros added in TiddlyWiki 2.0.0
*** multi-level popup menu
*** fix wikibar tab stop
*** remove paletteSelector
** Known Bugs:
*** popup-menu and color-picker can't be closed correctly
*** some macros can't be displayed correctly in previewer
*** text in previewer will be displayed italic
*v1.2.0 (2005/11/21)
**New Features:
***User defined color palettes supported
####Get color palettes from [[ColorZilla Palettes|http://www.iosart.com/firefox/colorzilla/palettes.html]].
####Save the palette file(*.gpl) as a new tiddler and tag it with 'ColorPalettes', then you can use it in WikiBar.
***WikiBar style sheet supported
***Click on document to close current colorPicker, paletteSelector or aboutWikibar
*v1.1.1 (2005/11/03)
**Bugs fixed:
***'Not enough parameters!' message is displayed when the parameter includes '%+number', ex: 'hello%20world!'
*v1.1.0 (2005/11/01)
**Bugs fixed:
***WikiBar overruns (reported by by GeoffS <gslocock@yahoo.co.uk>)
**New features:
***Insert a color code at the cursor. (Thanks to RunningUtes <RunningUtes@gmail.com>)
***Enable gradient macro. (Thanks to RunningUtes <RunningUtes@gmail.com>)
***Insert tiddler comment tags {{{/% ... %/}}}. (new feature supported by TiddlyWiki 1.2.37)
***Insert DateFormatString for {{{<<today>>}}} macro. (new feature supported by TiddlyWiki 1.2.37)
**Enhanced:
***Allow optional parameters in syntax.
**Bugs:
***'Not enough parameters!' message is displayed when the parameter includes '%+number', ex: 'hello%20world!'
*v1.0.0 (2005/10/30)
**Initial release
!Code
***/
//{{{
config.macros.wikibar = {major: 2, minor: 0, revision: 0, beta: 3, date: new Date(2005,12,30)};
config.macros.wikibar.handler = function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler){
if(!(tiddler instanceof Tiddler)) {return;}
story.setDirty(tiddler.title,true);
place.id = 'wikibar'+tiddler.title;
place.className = 'toolbar wikibar';
};
function wikibar_install(){
config.commands.wikibar = {
text: 'wikibar',
tooltip: 'wikibar on/off',
handler: function(e,src,title) {
if(!e){ e = window.event; }
var theButton = resolveTarget(e);
theButton.id = 'wikibarButton'+title;
wikibarPopup.remove();
wikibar_installAddons(theButton, title);
wikibar_createWikibar(title);
return(false);
}
};
config.shadowTiddlers['EditTemplate'] = wikibar_addWikibarCommand(config.shadowTiddlers['EditTemplate']);
var tiddler = store.getTiddler('EditTemplate');
if(tiddler){
tiddler.text = wikibar_addWikibarCommand(tiddler.text);
}
}
function wikibar_installAddons(theButton, title){
var tiddlers = store.getTaggedTiddlers('wikibarAddons');
if(!tiddlers) { return; }
theButton.addons=[];
for(var i=0; i<tiddlers.length; i++){
try{
eval(tiddlers[i].text);
try{
wikibar_addonInstall(title);
wikibar_addonInstall = null;
theButton.addons.push({ok:true, name:tiddlers[i].title});
}catch(ex){
theButton.addons.push({ok:false, name:tiddlers[i].title, error:ex});
}
}catch(ex){
theButton.addons.push({ok:false, name:tiddlers[i].title, error:ex});
}
}
}
function wikibar_addWikibarCommand(tiddlerText){
var div = document.createElement('div');
div.style.display = 'none';
div.innerHTML = tiddlerText;
for(var i=0; i<div.childNodes.length; i++){
var o=div.childNodes[i];
if(o.tagName==='DIV'){
if(o.className=='toolbar'){
var macroText = o.getAttribute('macro').trim();
if(macroText.search('wikibar')<=0){
macroText += ' wikibar';
o.setAttribute('macro', macroText);
}
break;
}
}
}
return div.innerHTML.replace(/\"/g, "\'");
}
function wikibar_processSyntaxParams(theSyntax, params){
try{
var pcr = 'AplWikibarPcr';
var rx=null;
var allParams=null;
if(params){
if(typeof(params)=='object'){
for(var i=0; i<params.length; i++){
if(params[i]){
params[i] = params[i].replace(new RegExp('%','g'), pcr).trim();
rx = '(\\[%'+(i+1)+'\\])' + '|' + '(%'+(i+1)+')';
theSyntax = theSyntax.replace(new RegExp(rx,'g'), params[i] );
}
}
allParams = params.join(' ').trim();
}else{
allParams = params.replace(new RegExp('%','g'), pcr).trim();
rx = /(\[%1{1}\])|(%1{1})/g;
theSyntax = theSyntax.replace(rx, allParams);
}
}
if(allParams){
theSyntax = theSyntax.replace(new RegExp('%N{1}','g'), allParams);
}
rx=/\[%(([1-9]{1,}[0-9]{0,})|(N{1}))\]/g;
theSyntax = theSyntax.replace(rx, '');
rx=/%(([1-9]{1,}[0-9]{0,})|(N{1}))/g;
if( theSyntax.match(rx) ){
throw 'Not enough parameters! ' + theSyntax;
}
theSyntax=theSyntax.replace(new RegExp(pcr,'g'), '%');
return theSyntax;
} catch(ex){
return null;
}
}
function wikibar_resolveEditItem(tiddlerWrapper, itemName){
if(tiddlerWrapper.hasChildNodes()){
var c=tiddlerWrapper.childNodes;
for(var i=0; i<c.length; i++){
var txt=wikibar_resolveEditItem(c[i], itemName);
if(!txt){
continue;
}else{
return txt;
}
}
}
return ((tiddlerWrapper.getAttribute && tiddlerWrapper.getAttribute('edit')==itemName)? tiddlerWrapper : null);
}
function wikibar_resolveEditItemValue(tiddlerWrapper, itemName){
var o = wikibar_resolveEditItem(tiddlerWrapper, itemName);
return (o? o.value.replace(/\r/mg,'') : null);
}
function wikibar_resolveTiddlerEditorWrapper(obj){
if(obj.id=='tiddlerDisplay'){return null;}
if((obj.getAttribute && obj.getAttribute('macro')=='edit text')){return obj;}
return wikibar_resolveTiddlerEditorWrapper(obj.parentNode);
}
function wikibar_resolveTiddlerEditor(obj){
if(obj.hasChildNodes()){
var c = obj.childNodes;
for(var i=0; i<c.length; i++){
var o=wikibar_resolveTiddlerEditor(c[i]);
if(o){ return o;}
}
}
return ((obj.getAttribute && obj.getAttribute('edit')=='text')? obj : null);
}
function wikibar_resolveTargetButton(obj){
if(obj.id && obj.id.substring(0,7)=='wikibar'){ return null; }
if(obj.tiddlerTitle){
return obj;
}else{
return wikibar_resolveTargetButton(obj.parentNode);
}
}
function wikibar_isValidMenuItem(tool){
if(!tool){ return false; }
if(tool.TYPE=='MENU' || tool.TYPE=='MAIN_MENU'){
for(var key in tool){
if(key.substring(0,8)=='DYNAITEM'){ return true; }
if(wikibar_isValidMenuItem(tool[key])){ return true; }
}
return false;
}else{
return (tool.HANDLER? true : false);
}
}
function wikibar_editFormat(param){
var editor = param.button.editor;
var params = param.params;
clearMessage();
if(!editor){ return; }
var repText = wikibar_processSyntaxParams(this.syntax, params);
if(repText===null){ return; }
var st = editor.scrollTop;
var ss = editor.selectionStart;
var se = editor.selectionEnd;
var frontText= '';
var endText = '';
var fullText = editor.value;
if(se>ss && ss>=0){
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
}
else if(ss===0 && (se===0 || se == fullText.length) ){
endText = fullText;
}
else if(se==ss && ss>0){
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
}
if(repText.indexOf('user_text')>=0 && this.hint){
repText = repText.replace('user_text', this.hint);
}
editor.value = frontText + repText + endText;
editor.selectionStart = ss;
editor.selectionEnd = ss + repText.length;
editor.scrollTop = st;
editor.focus();
}
function wikibar_editFormatByWord(param){
var editor = param.button.editor;
var params = param.params;
clearMessage();
if(!editor){return;}
var repText = wikibar_processSyntaxParams(this.syntax, params);
if(repText===null){ return; }
var st = editor.scrollTop;
var ss = editor.selectionStart;
var se = editor.selectionEnd;
var frontText= '';
var selText = '';
var endText = '';
var fullText = editor.value;
if(se>ss && ss>=0){
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss);
selText = fullText.substring(ss,se);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
}
else if(ss===0 && (se===0 || se == fullText.length) ){
endText = fullText;
}
else if(se==ss && ss>0){
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
if(!( fullText.charAt(ss-1).match(/\W/gi) || fullText.charAt(ss).match(/\W/gi) )){
var m = frontText.match(/\W/gi);
if(m){
ss = frontText.lastIndexOf(m[m.length-1])+1;
}
else{
ss = 0;
}
m = endText.match(/\W/gi);
if(m){
se += endText.indexOf(m[0]);
}
else{
se = fullText.length;
}
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
selText = fullText.substring(ss,se);
}
}
if(selText.length>0){
repText = repText.replace('user_text', selText);
}
if(repText.indexOf('user_text')>=0 && this.hint){
repText = repText.replace('user_text', this.hint);
}
editor.value = frontText + repText + endText;
editor.selectionStart = ss;
editor.selectionEnd = ss + repText.length;
editor.scrollTop = st;
editor.focus();
}
function wikibar_editFormatByCursor(param){
var editor = param.button.editor;
var params = param.params;
clearMessage();
if(!editor){ return; }
var repText = wikibar_processSyntaxParams(this.syntax, params);
if(repText===null){ return; }
var st = editor.scrollTop;
var ss = editor.selectionStart;
var se = editor.selectionEnd;
var frontText= '';
var endText = '';
var fullText = editor.value;
if(se>ss && ss>=0){
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
}
else if(ss===0 && (se===0 || se == fullText.length) ){
endText = fullText;
}
else if(se==ss && ss>0){
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
}
if(repText.indexOf('user_text')>=0 && this.hint){
repText = repText.replace('user_text', this.hint);
}
editor.value = frontText + repText + endText;
editor.selectionStart = ss;
editor.selectionEnd = ss + repText.length;
editor.scrollTop = st;
editor.focus();
}
function wikibar_editFormatByLine(param){
var editor = param.button.editor;
var params = param.params;
clearMessage();
if(!editor){ return; }
var repText = wikibar_processSyntaxParams(this.syntax, params);
if(repText===null){ return; }
var st = editor.scrollTop;
var ss = editor.selectionStart;
var se = editor.selectionEnd;
var frontText= '';
var selText = '';
var endText = '';
var fullText = editor.value;
if(se>ss && ss>=0){
if(this.byBlock){
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss);
selText = fullText.substring(ss,se);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
}
else{
se = ss;
}
}
if(ss===0 && (se===0 || se == fullText.length) ){
var m=fullText.match(/(\n|\r)/g);
if(m){
se = fullText.indexOf(m[0]);
}else{
se = fullText.length;
}
selText = fullText.substring(0, se);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
}
else if(se==ss && ss>0){
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
m = frontText.match(/(\n|\r)/g);
if(m){
ss = frontText.lastIndexOf(m[m.length-1])+1;
}
else{
ss = 0;
}
m = endText.match(/(\n|\r)/g);
if(m){
se += endText.indexOf(m[0]);
}
else{
se = fullText.length;
}
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss);
selText = fullText.substring(ss,se);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
}
if(selText.length>0){
repText = repText.replace('user_text', selText);
}
if(repText.indexOf('user_text')>=0 && this.hint){
repText = repText.replace('user_text', this.hint);
}
if(this.byBlock){
if( (frontText.charAt(frontText.length-1)!='\n') && ss>0 ){
repText = '\n' + repText;
}
if( (endText.charAt(0)!='\n') || se==fullText.length){
repText += '\n';
}
}
editor.value = frontText + repText + endText;
editor.selectionStart = ss;
editor.selectionEnd = ss + repText.length;
editor.scrollTop = st;
editor.focus();
}
function wikibar_editFormatByTableCell(param){
var editor = param.button.editor;
var params = param.params;
clearMessage();
if(!editor){ return; }
var repText = wikibar_processSyntaxParams(this.syntax, params);
if(repText===null){ return; }
var st = editor.scrollTop;
var ss = editor.selectionStart;
var se = editor.selectionEnd;
var frontText= '';
var selText = '';
var endText = '';
var fullText = editor.value;
if(ss===0 || ss==fullText.length){
throw 'not valid cell!';
}
se=ss;
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss);
endText = fullText.substring(se, fullText.length);
i=frontText.lastIndexOf('\n');
j=frontText.lastIndexOf('|');
if(i>j || j<0){
throw 'not valid cell!';
}
ss = j+1;
i=endText.indexOf('\n');
j=endText.indexOf('|');
if(i<j || j<0){
throw 'not valid cell!';
}
se += j;
frontText = fullText.substring(0, ss-1);
selText = fullText.substring(ss,se);
endText = fullText.substring(se+1, fullText.length);
if(this.key.substring(0,5)=='align'){
selText = selText.trim();
if( selText=='>' || selText=='~' || selText.substring(0,8)=='bgcolor(') {return; }
}
if(selText.length>0){
repText = repText.replace('user_text', selText);
}
if(repText.indexOf('user_text')>=0 && this.hint){
repText = repText.replace('user_text', this.hint);
}
editor.value = frontText + repText + endText;
editor.selectionStart = ss;
editor.selectionEnd = ss + repText.length - 2;
editor.scrollTop = st;
editor.focus();
}
function wikibar_editSelectAll(param){
var editor = param.button.editor;
editor.selectionStart = 0;
editor.selectionEnd = editor.value.length;
editor.scrollTop = 0;
editor.focus();
}
function wikibar_doPreview(param){
var theButton = param.button;
var editor = param.button.editor;
var wikibar = theButton.parentNode;
if(!wikibar) { return; }
title = theButton.tiddlerTitle;
var editorWrapper = wikibar_resolveTiddlerEditorWrapper(editor);
var tiddlerWrapper = editorWrapper.parentNode;
var previewer = document.getElementById('previewer'+title);
if(previewer){
previewer.parentNode.removeChild(previewer);
editorWrapper.style.display = 'block';
visible=true;
}else{
previewer = document.createElement('div');
previewer.id = 'previewer'+title;
previewer.className = 'viewer previewer';
previewer.style.height = (editor.offsetHeight) + 'px';
wikify(editor.value, previewer);
tiddlerWrapper.insertBefore(previewer, editorWrapper);
editorWrapper.style.display = 'none';
visible=false;
}
var pv=null;
for(var i=0; i<wikibar.childNodes.length; i++){
try{
var btn = wikibar.childNodes[i];
if(btn.toolItem.key == 'preview'){ pv=btn; }
if(btn.toolItem.key != 'preview'){
btn.style.display = visible ? '': 'none';
}
}catch(ex){}
}
if(!pv) { return; }
if(visible){
pv.innerHTML = '<font face=\"verdana\">∞</font>';
pv.title = 'preview current tiddler';
}
else{
pv.innerHTML = '<font face=\"verdana\">←</font>';
pv.title = 'back to editor';
}
}
function wikibar_doListAddons(param){
clearMessage();
var title = param.button.tiddlerTitle;
var wikibarButton = document.getElementById('wikibarButton'+title);
var ok=0, fail=0;
for(var i=0; i<wikibarButton.addons.length; i++){
var addon=wikibarButton.addons[i];
if(addon.ok){
displayMessage('[ o ] '+addon.name);
ok++;
}
else{
displayMessage('[ x ] '+addon.name + ': ' + addon.error);
fail++;
}
}
displayMessage('---------------------------------');
displayMessage(ok + ' ok ; ' + fail + ' failed');
}
function wikibar_getColorCode(param){
var cbOnPickColor = function(colorCode, param){
param.params = colorCode;
param.button.toolItem.doMore(param);
};
wikibarColorTool.openColorPicker(param.button, cbOnPickColor, param);
}
function wikibar_getLinkUrl(param){
var url= prompt('Please enter the link target', (this.param? this.param : ''));
if (url && url.trim().length>0){
param.params = url;
this.doMore(param);
}
}
function wikibar_getTableRowCol(param){
var rc= prompt('Please enter (rows x cols) of the table', '2 x 3');
if (!rc || (rc.trim()).length<=0){ return; }
var arr = rc.toUpperCase().split('X');
if(arr.length != 2) { return; }
for(var i=0; i<arr.length; i++){
if(isNaN(arr[i].trim())) { return; }
}
var rows = parseInt(arr[0].trim(), 10);
var cols = parseInt(arr[1].trim(), 10);
var txtTable='';
for(var r=0; r<rows; r++){
for(var c=0; c<=cols; c++){
if(c===0){
txtTable += '|';
}else{
txtTable += ' |';
}
}
txtTable += '\n';
}
if(txtTable.trim().length>0){
param.params = txtTable.trim();
this.doMore(param);
}
}
function wikibar_getMacroParam(param){
var p = prompt('Please enter the parameters of macro \"' + this.key + '\":' +
'\nSyntax: ' + this.syntax +
'\n\nNote: '+
'\n%1,%2,... - parameter needed'+
'\n[%1] - optional parameter'+
'\n%N - more than one parameter(1~n)'+
'\n[%N] - any number of parameters(0~n)'+
'\n\nPS:'+
'\n1. Parameters should be seperated with space character'+
'\n2. Use \" to wrap the parameter that includes space character, ex: \"hello world\"'+
'\n3. Input the word(null) for the optional parameter ignored',
(this.param? this.param : '') );
if(!p) { return; }
p=p.readMacroParams();
for(var i=0; i<p.length; i++){
var s=p[i].trim();
if(s.indexOf(' ')>0){ p[i]="'"+s+"'"; }
if(s.toLowerCase()=='null'){ p[i]=null; }
}
param.params = p;
this.doMore(param);
}
function wikibar_getMorePalette(unused){
clearMessage();
displayMessage('Get more color palettes(*.gpl) from ColorZilla Palettes site', 'http:\/\/www.iosart.com/firefox/colorzilla/palettes.html');
displayMessage('Save it as a new tiddler with \"ColorPalettes\" tag');
}
function wikibar_createWikibar(title){
var theWikibar = document.getElementById('wikibar' + title);
if(theWikibar){
if(theWikibar.hasChildNodes()){
theWikibar.style.display = (theWikibar.style.display=='block'? 'none':'block');
return;
}
}
var tiddlerWrapper = document.getElementById('tiddler'+title);
var theTextarea = wikibar_resolveTiddlerEditor(tiddlerWrapper);
if(!theTextarea){
clearMessage();
displayMessage('WikiBar only works in tiddler edit mode now');
return;
}else{
if(!theTextarea.id){ theTextarea.id = 'editor'+title; }
if(!theTextarea.parentNode.id){ theTextarea.parentNode.id='editorWrapper'+title; }
}
if(theWikibar){
theWikibar = document.getElementById('wikibar'+title);
}else{
var editorWrapper = wikibar_resolveTiddlerEditorWrapper(theTextarea);
theWikibar = createTiddlyElement(tiddlerWrapper, 'div', 'wikibar'+title, 'toolbar');
addClass(theWikibar, 'wikibar');
var previewer = document.getElementById('previewer'+title);
if(previewer){
tiddlerWrapper.insertBefore(theWikibar, previewer);
}else{
tiddlerWrapper.insertBefore(theWikibar, editorWrapper);
}
}
wikibar_createMenu(theWikibar,wikibarStore,title,theTextarea);
if(config.options['chkWikibarSetEditorHeight'] && config.options['txtWikibarEditorRows']){
theTextarea.rows = config.options['txtWikibarEditorRows'];
}
setStylesheet(
'.wikibar{text-align:left;visibility:visible;margin:2px;padding:1px;}.previewer{overflow:auto;display:block;border:1px solid;}#colorPicker{position:absolute;display:none;z-index:10;margin:0px;padding:0px;}#colorPicker table{margin:0px;padding:0px;border:2px solid #000;border-spacing:0px;border-collapse:collapse;}#colorPicker td{margin:0px;padding:0px;border:1px solid;font-size:11px;text-align:center;cursor:auto;}#colorPicker .header{background-color:#fff;}#colorPicker .button{background-color:#fff;cursor:pointer;cursor:hand;}#colorPicker .button:hover{padding-top:3px;padding-bottom:3px;color:#fff;background-color:#136;}#colorPicker .cell{padding:4px;font-size:7px;cursor:crosshair;}#colorPicker .cell:hover{padding:10px;}.wikibarPopup{position:absolute;z-index:10;border:1px solid #014;color:#014;background-color:#cef;}.wikibarPopup table{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;}.wikibarPopup .button:hover{color:#eee;background-color:#014;}.wikibarPopup .disabled{color:#888;}.wikibarPopup .disabled:hover{color:#888;background-color:#cef;}.wikibarPopup tr .seperator hr{margin:0;padding:0;background-color:#cef;width:100%;border:0;border-top:1px dashed #014;}.wikibarPopup tr .icon{font-family:verdana;font-weight:bolder;}.wikibarPopup tr .marker{font-family:verdana;font-weight:bolder;}.wikibarPopup td{font-size:0.9em;padding:2px;}.wikibarPopup input{border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #014;margin:0;padding:0;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;background-color:#fff;}',
'WikiBarStyleSheet');
}
function wikibar_createMenu(place,toolset,title,editor){
if(!wikibar_isValidMenuItem(toolset)){return;}
if(!(toolset.TYPE=='MAIN_MENU' || toolset.TYPE=='MENU')){ return; }
for(var key in toolset){
if(key.substring(0,9)=='SEPERATOR'){
wikibar_createMenuSeperator(place);
continue;
}
if(key.substring(0,8)=='DYNAITEM'){
var dynaTools = toolset[key](title,editor);
if(dynaTools.TYPE && dynaTools.TYPE=='MENU'){
wikibar_createMenuItem(place,dynaTools,null,editor,title);
}else{
dynaTools.TYPE = 'MENU';
wikibar_createMenu(place, dynaTools, title, editor);
}
continue;
}
if((toolset[key].TYPE!='MENU' && toolset[key].TYPE!='MAIN_MENU') && !toolset[key].HANDLER){continue;}
wikibar_createMenuItem(place,toolset,key,editor,title);
}
}
function wikibar_createMenuItem(place,toolset,key,editor,title){
if(!key){
var tool = toolset;
}else{
tool = toolset[key];
tool.key = key;
}
if(!wikibar_isValidMenuItem(tool)){return;}
var toolIsOnMainMenu = (toolset.TYPE=='MAIN_MENU');
var toolIsMenu = (tool.TYPE=='MENU');
var theButton;
if(toolIsOnMainMenu){
theButton = createTiddlyButton(
place,
'',
(tool.TOOLTIP? tool.TOOLTIP : ''),
(toolIsMenu? wikibar_onClickMenuItem : wikibar_onClickItem),
'button');
theButton.innerHTML = (tool.CAPTION? tool.CAPTION : key);
theButton.isOnMainMenu = true;
addClass(theButton, (toolIsMenu? 'menu' : 'item'));
place.appendChild( document.createTextNode('\n') );
if(!toolIsMenu){
if(config.options['chkWikibarPopmenuOnMouseOver']){
theButton.onmouseover = function(e){ wikibarPopup.remove(); };
}
}
}else{
theButton=createTiddlyElement(place, 'tr',key,'button');
theButton.title = (tool.TOOLTIP? tool.TOOLTIP : '');
theButton.onclick = (toolIsMenu? wikibar_onClickMenuItem : wikibar_onClickItem);
var tdL = createTiddlyElement(theButton, 'td','','marker');
var td = createTiddlyElement(theButton, 'td');
var tdR = createTiddlyElement(theButton, 'td','','marker');
td.innerHTML = (tool.CAPTION? tool.CAPTION : key);
if(toolIsMenu){
tdR.innerHTML=' ›';
}
if(tool.SELECTED){
tdL.innerHTML = '√ ';
addClass(theButton, 'selected');
}
if(tool.DISABLED){
addClass(theButton, 'disabled');
}
}
theButton.tiddlerTitle = title;
theButton.toolItem = tool;
theButton.editor = editor;
theButton.tabIndex = 999;
if(toolIsMenu){
if(config.options['chkWikibarPopmenuOnMouseOver']){
theButton.onmouseover = wikibar_onClickMenuItem;
}
}
}
function wikibar_createMenuSeperator(place){
if(place.id.substring(0,7)=='wikibar') { return; }
var onclickSeperator=function(e){
if(!e){ e = window.event; }
e.cancelBubble = true;
if (e.stopPropagation){ e.stopPropagation(); }
return(false);
};
var theButton=createTiddlyElement(place,'tr','','seperator');
var td = createTiddlyElement(theButton, 'td','','seperator');
td.colSpan=3;
theButton.onclick=onclickSeperator;
td.innerHTML = '<hr>';
}
function wikibar_genWikibarAbout(){
var toolset={};
toolset.version = {
CAPTION: '<center>WikiBar ' +
config.macros.wikibar.major + '.' +
config.macros.wikibar.minor + '.' +
config.macros.wikibar.revision +
(config.macros.wikibar.beta? ' beta '+config.macros.wikibar.beta : '') +
'</center>',
HANDLER: function(){}
};
toolset.SEPERATOR = {};
toolset.author = {
CAPTION: '<center>Arphen Lin<br>arphenlin@gmail.com</center>',
TOOLTIP: 'send mail to the author',
HANDLER: function(){ window.open('mailto:arphenlin@gmail.com'); }
};
toolset.website = {
CAPTION: '<center>aiddlywiki.sourceforge.net</center>',
TOOLTIP: 'go to the web site of WikiBar',
HANDLER: function(){ window.open('http:\/\/aiddlywiki.sourceforge.net/'); }
};
return toolset;
}
function wikibar_genWikibarOptions(title, editor){
var toolset={};
toolset.popOnMouseOver = {
CAPTION:'popup menu on mouse over',
SELECTED: config.options['chkWikibarPopmenuOnMouseOver'],
HANDLER: function(param){
config.options['chkWikibarPopmenuOnMouseOver'] = !config.options['chkWikibarPopmenuOnMouseOver'];
saveOptionCookie('chkWikibarPopmenuOnMouseOver');
var title = param.button.tiddlerTitle;
var wikibar = document.getElementById('wikibar'+title);
if(wikibar){ wikibar.parentNode.removeChild(wikibar); }
wikibar_createWikibar(title);
}
};
toolset.setEditorSize = {
CAPTION:'set editor height: <input id=\"txtWikibarEditorRows\" type=text size=1 MAXLENGTH=3 value=\"' +
(config.options['txtWikibarEditorRows']? config.options['txtWikibarEditorRows']:editor.rows) + '\"> ok',
HANDLER: function(param){
var input = document.getElementById('txtWikibarEditorRows');
if(input){
var rows = parseInt(input.value, 10);
if(!isNaN(rows)){
var editor = param.button.editor;
editor.rows = rows;
}else{
rows=config.maxEditRows;
}
config.options['txtWikibarEditorRows'] = rows;
saveOptionCookie('txtWikibarEditorRows');
config.maxEditRows = rows;
}
}
};
toolset.setEditorSizeOnLoadingWikibar = {
CAPTION:'set editor height on loading wikibar',
SELECTED: config.options['chkWikibarSetEditorHeight'],
HANDLER: function(param){
config.options['chkWikibarSetEditorHeight'] = !config.options['chkWikibarSetEditorHeight'];
saveOptionCookie('chkWikibarSetEditorHeight');
if(config.options['chkWikibarSetEditorHeight']){
var rows = config.options['txtWikibarEditorRows'];
if(!isNaN(rows)){ rows = 15; }
var editor = param.button.editor;
editor.rows = rows;
config.options['txtWikibarEditorRows'] = rows;
saveOptionCookie('txtWikibarEditorRows');
}
}
};
toolset.SEPERATOR = {};
toolset.update = {
CAPTION: 'check for updates',
DISABLED: true,
HANDLER: function(){}
};
return toolset;
}
function wikibar_genPaletteSelector(){
try{
var cpTiddlers = store.getTaggedTiddlers('ColorPalettes');
if(!cpTiddlers) { return; }
var palettes=[];
palettes.push(wikibarColorTool.defaultPaletteName);
for(var i=0; i<cpTiddlers.length; i++){
palettes.push(cpTiddlers[i].title.trim());
}
var toolset={};
for(i=0; i<palettes.length; i++){
toolset[palettes[i]] = {
TOOLTIP: palettes[i],
SELECTED: (palettes[i]==wikibarColorTool.paletteName),
HANDLER: wikibar_doSelectPalette
};
}
return toolset;
}catch(ex){ return null; }
}
function wikibar_onClickItem(e){
if(!e){ e = window.event; }
var theTarget = resolveTarget(e);
if(theTarget.tagName=='INPUT'){
e.cancelBubble = true;
if (e.stopPropagation){ e.stopPropagation(); }
return;
}
var theButton = wikibar_resolveTargetButton(theTarget);
if(!theButton){ return(false); }
var o = theButton.toolItem;
if(!o) { return; }
var param = {
event: e,
button: theButton
};
if(o.HANDLER){ o.HANDLER(param); }
if(o.DISABLED){
e.cancelBubble = true;
if (e.stopPropagation){ e.stopPropagation(); }
}
return(false);
}
function wikibar_onClickMenuItem(e){
if(!e){ e = window.event; }
var theButton = wikibar_resolveTargetButton(resolveTarget(e));
if(!theButton){ return(false); }
e.cancelBubble = true;
if (e.stopPropagation){ e.stopPropagation(); }
var title = theButton.tiddlerTitle;
var editor = theButton.editor;
var tool = theButton.toolItem;
if(!tool) { return; }
var popup = wikibarPopup.create(this);
if(popup){
wikibar_createMenu(popup,tool,title,editor);
if(!popup.hasChildNodes()){
wikibarPopup.remove();
}else{
wikibarPopup.show(popup, false);
}
}
return(false);
}
var wikibarColorTool = {
defaultPaletteName : 'default',
defaultColumns : 16,
defaultPalette : [
'#FFF','#DDD','#CCC','#BBB','#AAA','#999','#666','#333','#111','#000','#FC0','#F90','#F60','#F30','#C30','#C03',
'#9C0','#9D0','#9E0','#E90','#D90','#C90','#FC3','#FC6','#F96','#F63','#600','#900','#C00','#F00','#F36','#F03',
'#CF0','#CF3','#330','#660','#990','#CC0','#FF0','#C93','#C63','#300','#933','#C33','#F33','#C36','#F69','#F06',
'#9F0','#CF6','#9C3','#663','#993','#CC3','#FF3','#960','#930','#633','#C66','#F66','#903','#C39','#F6C','#F09',
'#6F0','#9F6','#6C3','#690','#996','#CC6','#FF6','#963','#630','#966','#F99','#F39','#C06','#906','#F3C','#F0C',
'#3F0','#6F3','#390','#6C0','#9F3','#CC9','#FF9','#C96','#C60','#C99','#F9C','#C69','#936','#603','#C09','#303',
'#0C0','#3C0','#360','#693','#9C6','#CF9','#FFC','#FC9','#F93','#FCC','#C9C','#969','#939','#909','#636','#606',
'#060','#3C3','#6C6','#0F0','#3F3','#6F6','#9F9','#CFC','#9CF','#FCF','#F9F','#F6F','#F3F','#F0F','#C6C','#C3C',
'#030','#363','#090','#393','#696','#9C9','#CFF','#39F','#69C','#CCF','#C9F','#96C','#639','#306','#90C','#C0C',
'#0F3','#0C3','#063','#396','#6C9','#9FC','#9CC','#06C','#369','#99F','#99C','#93F','#60C','#609','#C3F','#C0F',
'#0F6','#3F6','#093','#0C6','#3F9','#9FF','#699','#036','#039','#66F','#66C','#669','#309','#93C','#C6F','#90F',
'#0F9','#6F9','#3C6','#096','#6FF','#6CC','#366','#069','#36C','#33F','#33C','#339','#336','#63C','#96F','#60F',
'#0FC','#6FC','#3C9','#3FF','#3CC','#399','#033','#39C','#69F','#00F','#00C','#009','#006','#003','#63F','#30F',
'#0C9','#3FC','#0FF','#0CC','#099','#066','#3CF','#6CF','#09C','#36F','#0CF','#09F','#06F','#03F','#03C','#30C'
],
colorPicker : null,
pickColorHandler: null,
userData: null
};
wikibarColorTool.paletteName = wikibarColorTool.defaultPaletteName;
wikibarColorTool.columns = wikibarColorTool.defaultColumns;
wikibarColorTool.palette = wikibarColorTool.defaultPalette;
wikibarColorTool.onPickColor = function(e){
if (!e){ e = window.event; }
var theCell = resolveTarget(e);
if(!theCell){ return(false); }
color = theCell.bgColor.toLowerCase();
if(!color) { return; }
wikibarColorTool.displayColorPicker(false);
if(wikibarColorTool.pickColorHandler){
wikibarColorTool.pickColorHandler(color, wikibarColorTool.userData);
}
return(false);
};
wikibarColorTool.onMouseOver = function(e){
if (!e){ e = window.event; }
var theButton = resolveTarget(e);
if(!theButton){ return(false); }
if(!wikibarColorTool) { return; }
color = theButton.bgColor.toUpperCase();
if(!color) { return; }
td=document.getElementById('colorPickerInfo');
if(!td) { return; }
td.bgColor = color;
td.innerHTML = '<span style=\"color:#000;\">'+color+'</span> ' +
'<span style=\"color:#fff;\">'+color+'</span>';
e.cancelBubble = true;
if (e.stopPropagation){ e.stopPropagation(); }
return(false);
};
wikibarColorTool.openColorPicker = function(theTarget, pickColorHandler, userData){
wikibarColorTool.skipClickDocumentEvent = true;
wikibarColorTool.pickColorHandler = pickColorHandler;
wikibarColorTool.userData = userData;
wikibarColorTool.moveColorPicker(theTarget);
};
wikibarColorTool.convert3to6HexColor = function(c){
c=c.trim();
var rx=/^\#(\d|[a-f])(\d|[a-f])(\d|[a-f])$/gi;
return (rx.test(c)? c.replace(rx, '#$1$1$2$2$3$3') : c);
};
wikibarColorTool.numToHexColor = function (n){
if(typeof(n)=='number' && (n>=0 && n<=255)) {
s = n.toString(16).toLowerCase();
return ((s.length==1)? '0'+s : s);
}else{
return null;
}
};
wikibarColorTool.renderColorPalette = function(){
if(wikibarColorTool.paletteName==wikibarColorTool.defaultPaletteName){
wikibarColorTool.palette=wikibarColorTool.defaultPalette;
wikibarColorTool.columns=wikibarColorTool.defaultColumns;
return;
}
tiddlerText = (store.getTiddlerText(wikibarColorTool.paletteName, '')).trim();
if(tiddlerText.length<=0) { return; }
var cpContents = tiddlerText.split('\n');
var colors=[];
columns = wikibarColorTool.defaultColumns;
var tmpArray=null;
errCount=0;
for(var i=0; i<cpContents.length; i++){
cpLine=cpContents[i].trim();
if( (!cpLine) || (cpLine.length<=0) || (cpLine.charAt(0) == '#') ){ continue; }
if(cpLine.substring(0,8).toLowerCase()=='columns:'){
tmpArray = cpLine.split(':');
try{
columns = parseInt(tmpArray[1],10);
}catch(ex){
columns = wikibarColorTool.defaultColumns;
}
}else{
tmpArray = cpLine.replace('\t', ' ').split(/[ ]{1,}/);
try{
color='';
for(var j=0; j<3; j++){
c=parseInt(tmpArray[j].trim(), 10);
if(isNaN(c)){
break;
}else{
c=wikibarColorTool.numToHexColor(c);
if(!c) {break;}
color+=c;
}
}
if(color.length==6){
colors.push('#'+color);
} else {
throw 'error';
}
}catch(ex){
}
}
}
if(colors.length>0){
wikibarColorTool.palette = colors;
wikibarColorTool.columns = columns;
}else{
throw 'renderColorPalette(): No color defined in the palette.';
}
};
wikibarColorTool.displayColorPicker = function(visible){
if(wikibarColorTool.colorPicker){
wikibarColorTool.colorPicker.style.display = (visible? 'block' : 'none');
}
};
wikibarColorTool.moveColorPicker = function(theTarget){
if(!wikibarColorTool.colorPicker){
wikibarColorTool.createColorPicker();
}
var cp = wikibarColorTool.colorPicker;
var rootLeft = findPosX(theTarget);
var rootTop = findPosY(theTarget);
var popupLeft = rootLeft;
var popupTop = rootTop;
var popupWidth = cp.offsetWidth;
var winWidth = findWindowWidth();
if(popupLeft + popupWidth > winWidth){
popupLeft = winWidth - popupWidth;
}
cp.style.left = popupLeft + 'px';
cp.style.top = popupTop + 'px';
wikibarColorTool.displayColorPicker(true);
};
wikibarColorTool.createColorPicker = function(unused, palette){
if(palette){ wikibarColorTool.paletteName=palette; }
wikibarColorTool.renderColorPalette();
wikibarColorTool.colorPicker = document.createElement('div');
wikibarColorTool.colorPicker.id = 'colorPicker';
document.body.appendChild(wikibarColorTool.colorPicker);
var theTable = document.createElement('table');
wikibarColorTool.colorPicker.appendChild(theTable);
var theTR = document.createElement('tr');
theTable.appendChild(theTR);
var theTD = document.createElement('td');
theTD.className = 'header';
theTD.colSpan = wikibarColorTool.columns;
theTD.innerHTML = wikibarColorTool.paletteName;
theTR.appendChild(theTD);
for(var i=0; i<wikibarColorTool.palette.length; i++){
if((i%wikibarColorTool.columns)===0){
theTR = document.createElement('tr');
theTable.appendChild(theTR);
}
theTD = document.createElement('td');
theTD.className = 'cell';
theTD.bgColor = wikibarColorTool.convert3to6HexColor(wikibarColorTool.palette[i]);
theTD.onclick = wikibarColorTool.onPickColor;
theTD.onmouseover = wikibarColorTool.onMouseOver;
theTR.appendChild(theTD);
}
rest = wikibarColorTool.palette.length % wikibarColorTool.columns;
if(rest>0){
theTD = document.createElement('td');
theTD.colSpan = wikibarColorTool.columns-rest;
theTD.bgColor = '#000000';
theTR.appendChild(theTD);
}
theTR = document.createElement('tr');
theTable.appendChild(theTR);
theTD = document.createElement('td');
theTD.colSpan = wikibarColorTool.columns;
theTD.id = 'colorPickerInfo';
theTR.appendChild(theTD);
};
wikibarColorTool.onDocumentClick = function(e){
if (!e){ e = window.event; }
if(wikibarColorTool.skipClickDocumentEvent) {
wikibarColorTool.skipClickDocumentEvent = false;
return true;
}
if((!e.eventPhase) || e.eventPhase == Event.BUBBLING_PHASE || e.eventPhase == Event.AT_TARGET){
wikibarColorTool.displayColorPicker(false);
}
return true;
};
function wikibar_doSelectPalette(param){
clearMessage();
var theButton = param.button;
if(!theButton.toolItem.key) { return; }
var palette = theButton.toolItem.key;
var oldPaletteName = wikibarColorTool.paletteName;
if(oldPaletteName != palette){
try{
wikibarColorTool.createColorPicker(theButton, palette);
displayMessage('Palette \"'+palette+'\" ('+ wikibarColorTool.palette.length +' colors) is selected');
}catch(ex){
errMsg = ex;
if(errMsg.substring(0,18)=='renderColorPalette'){
displayMessage('Invalid palette \"' + palette + '\", please check it out!');
wikibarColorTool.createColorPicker(theButton, oldPaletteName);
}
}
}
}
var wikibarPopup = {
skipClickDocumentEvent: false,
stack: []
};
wikibarPopup.resolveRootPopup = function(o){
if(o.isOnMainMenu){ return null; }
if(o.className.substring(0,12)=='wikibarPopup'){ return o;}
return wikibarPopup.resolveRootPopup(o.parentNode);
};
wikibarPopup.create = function(root){
for(var i=0; i<wikibarPopup.stack.length; i++){
var p=wikibarPopup.stack[i];
if(p.root==root){
wikibarPopup.removeFrom(i+1);
return null;
}
}
var rootPopup = wikibarPopup.resolveRootPopup(root);
if(!rootPopup){
wikibarPopup.remove();
}else{
wikibarPopup.removeFromRootPopup(rootPopup);
}
var popup = createTiddlyElement(document.body,'div','wikibarPopup'+root.toolItem.key,'wikibarPopup');
var pop = createTiddlyElement(popup,'table','','');
wikibarPopup.stack.push({rootPopup: rootPopup, root: root, popup: popup});
return pop;
};
wikibarPopup.show = function(unused,slowly){
var curr = wikibarPopup.stack[wikibarPopup.stack.length-1];
var overlayWidth = 1;
var rootLeft, rootTop, rootWidth, rootHeight, popupLeft, popupTop, popupWidth;
if(curr.rootPopup){
rootLeft = findPosX(curr.rootPopup);
rootTop = findPosY(curr.root);
rootWidth = curr.rootPopup.offsetWidth;
popupLeft = rootLeft + rootWidth - overlayWidth;
popupTop = rootTop;
}else{
rootLeft = findPosX(curr.root);
rootTop = findPosY(curr.root);
rootHeight = curr.root.offsetHeight;
popupLeft = rootLeft;
popupTop = rootTop + rootHeight;
}
var winWidth = findWindowWidth();
popupWidth = curr.popup.offsetWidth;
if(popupLeft + popupWidth > winWidth){
popupLeft = rootLeft - popupWidth + overlayWidth;
}
curr.popup.style.left = popupLeft + 'px';
curr.popup.style.top = popupTop + 'px';
curr.popup.style.display = 'block';
addClass(curr.root, 'highlight');
if(config.options.chkAnimate){
anim.startAnimating(new Scroller(curr.popup,slowly));
}else{
window.scrollTo(0,ensureVisible(curr.popup));
}
};
wikibarPopup.remove = function(){
if(wikibarPopup.stack.length > 0){
wikibarPopup.removeFrom(0);
}
};
wikibarPopup.removeFrom = function(from){
for(var t=wikibarPopup.stack.length-1; t>=from; t--){
var p = wikibarPopup.stack[t];
removeClass(p.root,'highlight');
p.popup.parentNode.removeChild(p.popup);
}
wikibarPopup.stack = wikibarPopup.stack.slice(0,from);
};
wikibarPopup.removeFromRootPopup = function(from){
for(var t=0; t<wikibarPopup.stack.length; t++){
var p = wikibarPopup.stack[t];
if(p.rootPopup==from){
wikibarPopup.removeFrom(t);
break;
}
}
};
wikibarPopup.onDocumentClick = function(e){
if (!e){ e = window.event; }
if(wikibarPopup.skipClickDocumentEvent){
wikibarPopup.skipClickDocumentEvent=false;
return true;
}
if((!e.eventPhase) || e.eventPhase == Event.BUBBLING_PHASE || e.eventPhase == Event.AT_TARGET){
wikibarPopup.remove();
}
return true;
};
var wikibarStore = {
TYPE: 'MAIN_MENU',
help:{
TYPE:'MENU',
CAPTION: '<font face=\"verdana\">?</font>',
TOOLTIP: 'about WikiBar',
options:{
TYPE:'MENU',
DYNAITEM: wikibar_genWikibarOptions
},
about:{
TYPE:'MENU',
DYNAITEM: wikibar_genWikibarAbout
}
},
preview:{
TOOLTIP: 'preview this tiddler',
CAPTION: '<font face=\"verdana\">∞</font>',
HANDLER: wikibar_doPreview
},
line:{
TOOLTIP: 'horizontal line',
CAPTION: '<font face=\"verdana\">—</font>',
syntax: '\n----\n',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByCursor
},
crlf:{
TOOLTIP: 'new line',
CAPTION: '<font face=\"verdana\">¶</font>',
syntax: '\n',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByCursor
},
selectAll:{
TOOLTIP: 'select all',
CAPTION: '<font face=\"verdana\">§</font>',
HANDLER: wikibar_editSelectAll
},
deleteSelected:{
TOOLTIP: 'delete selected',
CAPTION: '<font face=\"verdana\">×</font>',
syntax: '',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormat
},
textFormat:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
CAPTION: 'text',
TOOLTIP: 'text formatters',
ignore:{
TOOLTIP: 'ignore wiki word',
CAPTION: 'ignore wikiWord',
syntax: '~user_text',
hint: 'wiki_word',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
bolder:{
TOOLTIP: 'bolder text',
CAPTION: '<strong>bolder</strong>',
syntax: "''user_text''",
hint: 'bold_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
italic:{
TOOLTIP: 'italic text',
CAPTION: '<em>italic</em>',
syntax: '\/\/user_text\/\/',
hint: 'italic_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
underline:{
TOOLTIP: 'underline text',
CAPTION: '<u>underline</u>',
syntax: '__user_text__',
hint: 'underline_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
strikethrough:{
TOOLTIP: 'strikethrough text',
CAPTION: '<strike>strikethrough</strike>',
syntax: '==user_text==',
hint: 'strikethrough_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
superscript:{
TOOLTIP: 'superscript text',
CAPTION: 'X<sup>superscript</sup>',
syntax: '^^user_text^^',
hint: 'superscript_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
subscript:{
TOOLTIP: 'subscript text',
CAPTION: 'X<sub>subscript</sub>',
syntax: '~~user_text~~',
hint: 'subscript_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
comment:{
TOOLTIP: 'comment text',
CAPTION: 'comment text',
syntax: '/%user_text%/',
hint: 'comment_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
monospaced:{
TOOLTIP: 'monospaced text',
CAPTION: '<code>monospaced</code>',
syntax: '{{{user_text}}}',
hint: 'monospaced_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
}
},
paragraph:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
TOOLTIP: 'paragarph formatters',
list:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
TOOLTIP: 'list tools',
bullet:{
TOOLTIP: 'bullet point',
syntax: '*user_text',
hint: 'bullet_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
numbered:{
TOOLTIP: 'numbered list',
syntax: '#user_text',
hint: 'numbered_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
}
},
heading:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
heading1:{
CAPTION:'<h1>Heading 1</h1>',
TOOLTIP: 'Heading 1',
syntax: '!user_text',
hint: 'heading_1',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
heading2:{
CAPTION:'<h2>Heading 2<h2>',
TOOLTIP: 'Heading 2',
syntax: '!!user_text',
hint: 'heading_2',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
heading3:{
CAPTION:'<h3>Heading 3</h3>',
TOOLTIP: 'Heading 3',
syntax: '!!!user_text',
hint: 'heading_3',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
heading4:{
CAPTION:'<h4>Heading 4</h4>',
TOOLTIP: 'Heading 4',
syntax: '!!!!user_text',
hint: 'heading_4',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
heading5:{
CAPTION:'<h5>Heading 5</h5>',
TOOLTIP: 'Heading 5',
syntax: '!!!!!user_text',
hint: 'heading_5',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
}
},
comment:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
commentByLine:{
CAPTION:'comment by line',
TOOLTIP: 'line comment',
syntax: '/%user_text%/',
hint: 'comment_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
commentByBlock:{
CAPTION:'comment by block',
TOOLTIP: 'block comment',
syntax: '/%\nuser_text\n%/',
hint: 'comment_text',
byBlock: true,
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
}
},
monospaced:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
monosByLine:{
CAPTION: 'monospaced by line',
TOOLTIP: 'line monospaced',
syntax: '{{{\nuser_text\n}}}',
hint: 'monospaced_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
monosByBlock:{
CAPTION: 'monospaced by block',
TOOLTIP: 'block monospaced',
syntax: '{{{\nuser_text\n}}}',
hint: 'monospaced_text',
byBlock: true,
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
}
},
quote:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
quoteByLine:{
CAPTION: 'quote by line',
TOOLTIP: 'line quote',
syntax: '>user_text',
hint: 'quote_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
quoteByBlcok:{
CAPTION: 'quote by block',
TOOLTIP: 'block quote',
syntax: '<<<\nuser_text\n<<<',
hint: 'quote_text',
byBlock: true,
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
}
},
plugin:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
code:{
CAPTION: 'code area',
TOOLTIP: 'block monospaced for plugin',
syntax: '\n\/\/{{{\nuser_text\n\/\/}}}\n',
hint: 'monospaced_plugin_code',
byBlock: true,
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
commentByLine:{
CAPTION: 'comment by line',
TOOLTIP: 'line comment',
syntax: '\/\/user_text',
hint: 'plugin_comment',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
commentByBlock:{
CAPTION: 'comment by block',
TOOLTIP: 'block comment',
syntax: '\/\***\nuser_text\n***\/',
hint: 'plugin_comment',
byBlock: true,
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
}
},
css:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
code:{
CAPTION: 'code area',
TOOLTIP: 'block monospaced for css',
syntax: '\n\nuser_text\n\n',
hint: 'monospaced_css_code',
byBlock: true,
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
commentByLine:{
CAPTION: 'comment by line',
TOOLTIP: 'line comment',
syntax: '',
hint: 'css_comment',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
},
commentByBlock:{
CAPTION: 'comment by block',
TOOLTIP: 'block comment',
syntax: '',
hint: 'css_comment',
byBlock: true,
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
}
}
},
color:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
TOOLTIP: 'color tools',
highlight:{
CAPTION:'highlight text',
TOOLTIP: 'highlight text',
syntax: '@@user_text@@',
hint: 'highlight_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
color:{
CAPTION:'text color',
TOOLTIP: 'text color',
hint: 'your_text',
syntax: '@@color(%1):user_text@@',
HANDLER: wikibar_getColorCode,
doMore: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
bgcolor:{
CAPTION:'background color',
TOOLTIP: 'background color',
hint: 'your_text',
syntax: '@@bgcolor(%1):user_text@@',
HANDLER: wikibar_getColorCode,
doMore: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
colorcode:{
CAPTION:'color code',
TOOLTIP: 'insert color code',
syntax: '%1',
HANDLER: wikibar_getColorCode,
doMore: wikibar_editFormatByCursor
},
'color palette':{
TYPE:'MENU',
DYNAITEM: wikibar_genPaletteSelector,
SEPERATOR:{},
morePalette:{
CAPTION:'more palettes',
TOOLTIP:'get more palettes',
HANDLER: wikibar_getMorePalette
}
}
},
link:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
TOOLTIP: 'insert link',
wiki:{
CAPTION:'wiki link',
TOOLTIP: 'wiki link',
syntax: '[[user_text]]',
hint: 'wiki_word',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
pretty:{
CAPTION: 'pretty link',
TOOLTIP: 'pretty link',
syntax: '[[user_text|%1]]',
hint: 'pretty_word',
param: 'PrettyLink Target',
HANDLER: wikibar_getLinkUrl,
doMore: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
url:{
TOOLTIP: 'url link',
syntax: '[[user_text|%1]]',
hint: 'your_text',
param: 'http:\/\/...',
HANDLER: wikibar_getLinkUrl,
doMore: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
image:{
TOOLTIP: 'image link',
syntax: '[img[user_text|%1]]',
hint: 'alt_text',
param: 'image/icon.jpg',
HANDLER: wikibar_getLinkUrl,
doMore: wikibar_editFormatByWord
}
},
macro:{},
more:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
TOOLTIP: 'more tools',
table:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
TOOLTIP: 'table',
table:{
CAPTION:'create table',
TOOLTIP: 'create a new table',
syntax: '\n%1\n',
HANDLER: wikibar_getTableRowCol,
doMore: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
header:{
TOOLTIP: 'table header text',
syntax: '|user_text|c',
hint: 'table_header',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
cell:{
TOOLTIP: 'create a tabel cell',
syntax: '|user_text|',
hint: 'your_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
columnHeader:{
CAPTION:'column header',
TOOLTIP: 'create a column header cell',
syntax: '|!user_text|',
hint: 'column_header',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByWord
},
cell:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
CAPTION: 'cell options',
bgcolor:{
CAPTION: 'background color',
TOOLTIP: 'cell bgcolor',
syntax: '|bgcolor(%1):user_text|',
hint: 'your_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_getColorCode,
doMore: wikibar_editFormatByTableCell
},
alignLeft:{
CAPTION: 'align left',
TOOLTIP: 'left align cell text',
syntax: '|user_text|',
hint: 'your_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByTableCell
},
alignCenter:{
CAPTION: 'align center',
TOOLTIP: 'center align cell text',
syntax: '| user_text |',
hint: 'your_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByTableCell
},
alignRight:{
CAPTION: 'align right',
TOOLTIP: 'right align cell text',
syntax: '| user_text|',
hint: 'your_text',
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByTableCell
}
}
},
html:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
html:{
CAPTION: '<html>',
TOOLTIP: 'html tag',
syntax: '<html>\nuser_text\n</html>',
hint: 'html_content',
byBlock: true,
HANDLER: wikibar_editFormatByLine
}
}
},
addon:{
TYPE: 'MENU',
TOOLTIP:'3rd party tools',
'about addons':{
TOOLTIP: 'list loaded addons',
HANDLER: wikibar_doListAddons
},
SEPERATOR:{}
}
};
addEvent(document, 'click', wikibarColorTool.onDocumentClick);
addEvent(document, 'click', wikibarPopup.onDocumentClick);
wikibar_install();
//}}}
//{{{
config.macros.wikipedia = {};
config.macros.wikipedia.handler= function(place,macroName,params) {
if(params.length==1){
var key=params[0];
var lang="en";
} else {
var key=params[1];
var lang=params[0];
}
wikify("[["+key+"|http://"+lang+".wikipedia.org/wiki/"+key+"]]",place)
}
//}}}
Woodrow Wilson, US President during the end of the [[First World War]] who was the ideological force behind the [[Treaty of Versailles (1919)]], and the [[League of Nations]]. His [[14 Points]] were the basis of the peace agreement and new era in International Relations.
On of two "world systems" of [[Wallerstein]]'s [[World System Theory]].
World Economies are made of decentralized, competing powers. Distribution happens through the market medium, not from decisions of a central authority.
One of the "world systems" in [[Wallerstein]]'s [[World System Theory]].
Consists of a strong centralized political system that uses its power to move redistribute resources from the [[Periphery]] to the [[Core]].
An example would be the Roman system of tributes payed from the provinces to the Roman centre.
Our modern age, from the late nineteenth century to now.
The common culture of the world is not as clear, as in the [[Christian International Society]] (based on a common Christian identity) and the [[European International Society]] (based on the common European identity). Hedley [[Bull]] says our common identity is that of the "modern identity". The [[Nation State]] still bears the rights and responsibilities within the [[International Society]], but is also influenced and possibly joined by other supra-national and sub-national actors such as the [[League of Nations]] and then [[United Nations]], NGOs and TNCs. Also, more emphasis is placed on the individual, as demonstrated by the Nuremberg and Tokyo War Crimes Tribunals, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the International Criminal Courts at the Hague.
Despite the severe expansion and change within the [[International System]], [[International Society]] has still remained present. At no point have common rules, institutions or the common interests between states completely dried up, nor has it become impossible for states to respect agreements or private property. Even in the midst of the [[Total War]] of the [[Second World War]], [[International Society]] was present between Allied powers. However, the argument can be made that the effect of [[International Society]] was lessened quite dramatically at times.
There are several [[Problems of World International Society]].
"By world [[Order]] I mean those patterns or dispositions of human activity that sustain the elementary or primary goals of social life among mankind as a whole. [[International Order]] is [[Order]] among state; but states are simply groupings of men, and men may be grouped in such a way that they do not form states at all. Moreover, where they are grouped into states, they are grouped in other ways also." AnarchSociety, p. 19.
* In the late 19th and 20th centuries there emerged the first single political world order. Previously [[International Order]] had been collections of states and their dependencies, but now there was a global political system.
"The society produced by globalization" GoWP, p. 36.
Developed by [[Lenin]] on Marxist thinking:
* Economic mode of production determines politics and society, [[Base-Superstructure Model]]
* History is about [[Class Conflict]]
Lenin continues from there to say:
* Capitalism has changed since Marx's day
* Development of [[Monopoly Capitalism]] has lead to a two tier structure of the world economy, the [[Core-Periphery Model]]
* The [[Core-Periphery Model]] explains the relationship between the [[Bourgeoisie]] ([[Core]]) and the [[Proletariat]] ([[Periphery]]).
If the core-periphery model is true then:
* Domestic and international divisions of the economy are irrelevent as they are both working within the capitalist world economy.
* States are not the only actor in world politics, classes are too.
* The location of these states and classes within the [[Core-Periphery Model]] defines their behaviour, domination and interaction.
[[Wallerstein]]'s [[World System Theory]]
Wallerstein saw the world in terms of "world-systems", of which there are two types: [[World Empire]] and [[World Economy]]. The difference being how resource distribution decisions are made.
* [[World Empire]] are a centralized political system that uses its power to shift resources from the periphery to the core.
* The [[World Economy]] is decentralized powers who are competing and distributing resources through a market.
Wallerstein saw the world-system working in terms of time and space.
In terms of ''space '':
Wallerstein saw the different roles that different regions play in the [[World Economy]].
* Wallerstein's world economy also includes a new economic zone: the [[Semi-Periphery]]. It is an intermediate zone that features some of the same characteristics of both the core and the periphery.
The system's purpose, according to the theorists, is to move wealth from the periphery to the core. This means that the relative positions do not change. The core gets richer, the periphery gets poorer.
In terms of ''time'':
There are several temporal dimensions to Wallerstein's ideas:
* [[Cyclical Rhythms]], boom and bust.
* [[Secular Trends]], the long term system at work.
* [[Contradictions]], when optimal short term behaviour conflicts with optimal long term behaviour.
* [[Crisis]], a set of unique issues that only happen once to an economic world system.
IRKeyConcepts pp. 335-8.
"European states dominate the global pattern of international relations:
* 1 in 4 of the world's population lives in Europe (approximately 400m. of a 1600m total)
* the European '[[Great Powers]]' (Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia) have a concentration of military power, as well as dominating world trade
Colonial [[Empire]]s of European states (especially Britain and France, but also Belgium, the Netherlands, and Portugal) cover much of the world
* approximately 500m. people live under European colonial rule
* search for colonies continues; especially Germany in Africa, and Tsarist Russia in Asia
Several territorial empires in a protracted state of collapse
* the Hapsburg empire (covering Austro-Hungary and much of central Europe and the Balkans)
* the Ottoman empire (centred on Turkey, and encompassing much of the Middle East and the Balkans)
* Tsarist Russia
* Imperial China
Global capitalist economy
* in 1900 centred primarily on the UK, as the world's largest imperial and trading power, but increasingly under threat.
* rapid industrial expansion in North America
* Japan modernizing and industrializing" GoWP, p. 52.
"Key features of the world in 1945
Prominence of the US and USSR
* US first nuclear superpower, after explosion of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, August 1945
* US emerges from World War II as major creditor nation, and centre of the international economy
* USSR in economic ruin after war, but Red Army occupies all Eastern and much of Central Europe, to Berlin and beyond
Collapse of Europe
* Rapidly divided between East and West; Germany split until 1989
* national economies in ruin; large debts owing to US
* European colonial empires undermined by war; by Japanese overrunning of colonies in South-East Asia
Growing nationalism in the colonial empires
* wartime 'Atlantic Charter' makes commitment to national [[Self-Determination]]
* India seeking independence (achieved in 1947)
* Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam an independent republic in 1945
Civil war in China
* ended with victory of Mao and establishment of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949
* together with the population of the USSR, one-third of the world now lives under communist rule" GoWP, p. 53.
Heilbroner, Robert L. //The Worldly Philosophers; The Lives, Times and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers//. Sixth Edition. New York: Touchstone; Simon and Shuster, 1986.
Listed in [[Shelfari|http://www.shelfari.com/carsonspost/shelf]].
The tiddlers below contain references to this work:
Kegley, Charles W. and Wittkopf, Eugene R. //World Politics; Trends and Transformation//. Tenth Edition. London: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006.
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_107=_104?_104.join("").length:0;var _108=_101.title.length>0?_107/_101.title.length:0;var rank=_105*_f9+_106*_fb+_108*_fa+1;return rank;};var _10a=function(_10b,_10c,_10d,_10e,_10f,_110){_f4=null;var _111=_10b.reverseLookup("tags",_110,false);try{var _112=[];if(config.options.chkSearchInTitle){_112.push("title");}if(config.options.chkSearchInText){_112.push("text");}if(config.options.chkSearchInTags){_112.push("tags");}_f4=new abego.TiddlerQuery(_10c,_10d,_10e,_112,config.options.chkSearchExtendedFields);}catch(e){return [];}var _113=_f4.filter(_111);var _114=abego.YourSearch.getRankFunction();for(var i=0;i<_113.length;i++){var _116=_113[i];var rank=_114(_116,_f4);_116.searchRank=rank;}if(!_10f){_10f="title";}var _118=function(a,b){var _11b=a.searchRank-b.searchRank;if(_11b==0){if(a[_10f]==b[_10f]){return (0);}else{return (a[_10f]<b[_10f])?-1:+1;}}else{return (_11b>0)?-1:+1;}};_113.sort(_118);return _113;};var _11c=80;var _11d=50;var _11e=250;var _11f=50;var _120=25;var _121=10;var _122="yourSearchResult";var _123="yourSearchResultItems";var _124;var _125;var _126;var _127;var _128;var _129=function(){if(version.extensions.YourSearchPlugin.styleSheetInited){return;}version.extensions.YourSearchPlugin.styleSheetInited=true;setStylesheet(store.getTiddlerText("YourSearchStyleSheet"),"yourSearch");};var _12a=function(){return _125!=null&&_125.parentNode==document.body;};var _12b=function(){if(_12a()){document.body.removeChild(_125);}};var _12c=function(e){_12b();var _12e=this.getAttribute("tiddlyLink");if(_12e){var _12f=this.getAttribute("withHilite");var _130=highlightHack;if(_12f&&_12f=="true"&&_f4){highlightHack=_f4.getMarkRegExp();}story.displayTiddler(this,_12e);highlightHack=_130;}return (false);};var _131=function(){if(!_126){return;}var root=_126;var _133=findPosX(root);var _134=findPosY(root);var _135=root.offsetHeight;var _136=_133;var _137=_134+_135;var _138=findWindowWidth();if(_138<_125.offsetWidth){_125.style.width=(_138-100)+"px";_138=findWindowWidth();}var _139=_125.offsetWidth;if(_136+_139>_138){_136=_138-_139-30;}if(_136<0){_136=0;}_125.style.left=_136+"px";_125.style.top=_137+"px";_125.style.display="block";};var _13a=function(){if(_125){window.scrollTo(0,ensureVisible(_125));}if(_126){window.scrollTo(0,ensureVisible(_126));}};var _13b=function(){_131();_13a();};var _13c;var _13d;var _13e=new abego.PageWiseRenderer();var _13f=function(_140){this.itemHtml=store.getTiddlerText("YourSearchItemTemplate");if(!this.itemHtml){alertAndThrow("YourSearchItemTemplate not found");}this.place=document.getElementById(_123);if(!this.place){this.place=createTiddlyElement(_140,"div",_123);}};merge(_13f.prototype,{render:function(_141,_142,_143,_144){_13c=_144;_13d=_142;var item=createTiddlyElement(this.place,"div",null,"yourSearchItem");item.innerHTML=this.itemHtml;applyHtmlMacros(item,null);refreshElements(item,null);},endRendering:function(_146){_13d=null;}});var _147=function(){if(!_125||!_126){return;}var html=store.getTiddlerText("YourSearchResultTemplate");if(!html){html="<b>Tiddler YourSearchResultTemplate not found</b>";}_125.innerHTML=html;applyHtmlMacros(_125,null);refreshElements(_125,null);var _149=new _13f(_125);_13e.renderPage(_149);_13b();};_13e.getItemsPerPage=function(){var n=(config.options.chkPreviewText)?abego.toInt(config.options.txtItemsPerPageWithPreview,_121):abego.toInt(config.options.txtItemsPerPage,_120);return (n>0)?n:1;};_13e.onPageChanged=function(){_147();};var _14b=function(){if(_126==null||!config.options.chkUseYourSearch){return;}if((_126.value==_124)&&_124&&!_12a()){if(_125&&(_125.parentNode!=document.body)){document.body.appendChild(_125);_13b();}else{abego.YourSearch.onShowResult(true);}}};var _14c=function(){_12b();_125=null;_124=null;};var _14d=function(self,e){while(e!=null){if(self==e){return true;}e=e.parentNode;}return false;};var _150=function(e){if(e.target==_126){return;}if(e.target==_127){return;}if(_125&&_14d(_125,e.target)){return;}_12b();};var _152=function(e){if(e.keyCode==27){_12b();}};addEvent(document,"click",_150);addEvent(document,"keyup",_152);var _154=function(text,_156,_157){_124=text;_f5(_10a(store,text,_156,_157,"title","excludeSearch"));abego.YourSearch.onShowResult();};var _158=function(_159,_15a,_15b,_15c,_15d,_15e){_129();_124="";var _15f=null;var _160=function(txt){if(config.options.chkUseYourSearch){_154(txt.value,config.options.chkCaseSensitiveSearch,config.options.chkRegExpSearch);}else{story.search(txt.value,config.options.chkCaseSensitiveSearch,config.options.chkRegExpSearch);}_124=txt.value;};var _162=function(e){_160(_126);return false;};var _164=function(e){if(!e){var e=window.event;}_126=this;switch(e.keyCode){case 13:if(e.ctrlKey&&_128&&_12a()){_128.onclick.apply(_128,[e]);}else{_160(this);}break;case 27:if(_12a()){_12b();}else{this.value="";clearMessage();}break;}if(String.fromCharCode(e.keyCode)==this.accessKey||e.altKey){_14b();}if(this.value.length<3&&_15f){clearTimeout(_15f);}if(this.value.length>2){if(this.value!=_124){if(!config.options.chkUseYourSearch||config.options.chkSearchAsYouType){if(_15f){clearTimeout(_15f);}var txt=this;_15f=setTimeout(function(){_160(txt);},500);}}else{if(_15f){clearTimeout(_15f);}}}if(this.value.length==0){_12b();}};var _168=function(e){this.select();clearMessage();_14b();};var args=_15d.parseParams("list",null,true);var _16b=getFlag(args,"buttonAtRight");var _16c=getParam(args,"sizeTextbox",this.sizeTextbox);var btn;if(!_16b){btn=createTiddlyButton(_159,this.label,this.prompt,_162);}var txt=createTiddlyElement(_159,"input",null,null,null);if(_15b[0]){txt.value=_15b[0];}txt.onkeyup=_164;txt.onfocus=_168;txt.setAttribute("size",_16c);txt.setAttribute("accessKey",this.accessKey);txt.setAttribute("autocomplete","off");if(config.browser.isSafari){txt.setAttribute("type","search");txt.setAttribute("results","5");}else{txt.setAttribute("type","text");}if(_16b){btn=createTiddlyButton(_159,this.label,this.prompt,_162);}_126=txt;_127=btn;};var _16f=function(){_12b();var _170=_f7();var n=_170.length;if(n){var _172=[];for(var i=0;i<n;i++){_172.push(_170[i].title);}story.displayTiddlers(null,_172);}};var _174=function(_175,_176,_177,_178){invokeMacro(_175,"option",_176,_177,_178);var elem=_175.lastChild;var _17a=elem.onclick;elem.onclick=function(e){var _17c=_17a.apply(this,arguments);_147();return _17c;};return elem;};var _17d=function(s){var _17f=["''","{{{","}}}","//","<<<","/***","***/"];var _180="";for(var i=0;i<_17f.length;i++){if(i!=0){_180+="|";}_180+="("+_17f[i].escapeRegExp()+")";}return s.replace(new RegExp(_180,"mg"),"").trim();};var _182=function(){var i=_13c;return (i>=0&&i<=9)?(i<9?(i+1):0):-1;};var _184=new abego.LimitedTextRenderer();var _185=function(_186,s,_188){_184.render(_186,s,_188,_f4.getMarkRegExp());};var _189=TiddlyWiki.prototype.saveTiddler;TiddlyWiki.prototype.saveTiddler=function(_18a,_18b,_18c,_18d,_18e,tags,_190){_189.apply(this,arguments);_14c();};var _191=TiddlyWiki.prototype.removeTiddler;TiddlyWiki.prototype.removeTiddler=function(_192){_191.apply(this,arguments);_14c();};config.macros.yourSearch={label:"yourSearch",prompt:"Gives access to the current/last YourSearch result",handler:function(_193,_194,_195,_196,_197,_198){if(_195.length==0){return;}var name=_195[0];var func=config.macros.yourSearch.funcs[name];if(func){func(_193,_194,_195,_196,_197,_198);}},tests:{"true":function(){return true;},"false":function(){return false;},"found":function(){return _f8()>0;},"previewText":function(){return config.options.chkPreviewText;}},funcs:{itemRange:function(_19b){if(_f8()){var _19c=_13e.getLastIndexOnPage();var s="%0 - %1".format([_13e.getFirstIndexOnPage()+1,_19c+1]);createTiddlyText(_19b,s);}},count:function(_19e){createTiddlyText(_19e,_f8().toString());},query:function(_19f){if(_f4){createTiddlyText(_19f,_f4.toString());}},version:function(_1a0){var t="YourSearch %0.%1.%2".format([version.extensions.YourSearchPlugin.major,version.extensions.YourSearchPlugin.minor,version.extensions.YourSearchPlugin.revision]);var e=createTiddlyElement(_1a0,"a");e.setAttribute("href","http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de/#YourSearchPlugin");e.innerHTML="<font color=\"black\" face=\"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">"+t+"<font>";},copyright:function(_1a3){var e=createTiddlyElement(_1a3,"a");e.setAttribute("href","http://www.abego-software.de");e.innerHTML="<font color=\"black\" face=\"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">© 2005-2006 <b><font color=\"red\">abego</font></b> Software<font>";},newTiddlerButton:function(_1a5){if(_f4){var r=abego.parseNewTiddlerCommandLine(_f4.getQueryText());var btn=config.macros.newTiddler.createNewTiddlerButton(_1a5,r.title,r.params,"new tiddler","Create a new tiddler based on search text. (Shortcut: Ctrl-Enter; Separators: '.', '#')",null,"text");var _1a8=btn.onclick;btn.onclick=function(){_12b();_1a8.apply(this,arguments);};_128=btn;}},linkButton:function(_1a9,_1aa,_1ab,_1ac,_1ad,_1ae){if(_1ab<2){return;}var _1af=_1ab[1];var text=_1ab<3?_1af:_1ab[2];var _1b1=_1ab<4?text:_1ab[3];var _1b2=_1ab<5?null:_1ab[4];var btn=createTiddlyButton(_1a9,text,_1b1,_12c,null,null,_1b2);btn.setAttribute("tiddlyLink",_1af);},closeButton:function(_1b4,_1b5,_1b6,_1b7,_1b8,_1b9){var _1ba=createTiddlyButton(_1b4,"close","Close the Search Results (Shortcut: ESC)",_12b);},openAllButton:function(_1bb,_1bc,_1bd,_1be,_1bf,_1c0){var n=_f8();if(n==0){return;}var _1c2=n==1?"open tiddler":"open all %0 tiddlers".format([n]);var _1c3=createTiddlyButton(_1bb,_1c2,"Open all found tiddlers (Shortcut: Alt-O)",_16f);_1c3.setAttribute("accessKey","O");},naviBar:function(_1c4,_1c5,_1c6,_1c7,_1c8,_1c9){_13e.addPageNavigation(_1c4);},"if":function(_1ca,_1cb,_1cc,_1cd,_1ce,_1cf){if(_1cc.length<2){return;}var _1d0=_1cc[1];var _1d1=(_1d0=="not");if(_1d1){if(_1cc.length<3){return;}_1d0=_1cc[2];}var test=config.macros.yourSearch.tests[_1d0];var _1d3=false;try{if(test){_1d3=test(_1ca,_1cb,_1cc,_1cd,_1ce,_1cf)!=_1d1;}else{_1d3=(!eval(_1d0))==_1d1;}}catch(ex){}if(!_1d3){_1ca.style.display="none";}},chkPreviewText:function(_1d4,_1d5,_1d6,_1d7,_1d8,_1d9){var _1da=_1d6.slice(1).join(" ");var elem=_174(_1d4,"chkPreviewText",_1d7,_1d9);elem.setAttribute("accessKey","P");elem.title="Show text preview of found tiddlers (Shortcut: Alt-P)";return elem;}}};config.macros.foundTiddler={label:"foundTiddler",prompt:"Provides information on the tiddler currently processed on the YourSearch result page",handler:function(_1dc,_1dd,_1de,_1df,_1e0,_1e1){var name=_1de[0];var func=config.macros.foundTiddler.funcs[name];if(func){func(_1dc,_1dd,_1de,_1df,_1e0,_1e1);}},funcs:{title:function(_1e4,_1e5,_1e6,_1e7,_1e8,_1e9){if(!_13d){return;}var _1ea=_182();var _1eb=_1ea>=0?"Open tiddler (Shortcut: Alt-%0)".format([_1ea.toString()]):"Open tiddler";var btn=createTiddlyButton(_1e4,null,_1eb,_12c,null);btn.setAttribute("tiddlyLink",_13d.title);btn.setAttribute("withHilite","true");_185(btn,_13d.title,_11c);if(_1ea>=0){btn.setAttribute("accessKey",_1ea.toString());}},tags:function(_1ed,_1ee,_1ef,_1f0,_1f1,_1f2){if(!_13d){return;}_185(_1ed,_13d.getTags(),_11d);},text:function(_1f3,_1f4,_1f5,_1f6,_1f7,_1f8){if(!_13d){return;}_185(_1f3,_17d(_13d.text),_11e);},field:function(_1f9,_1fa,_1fb,_1fc,_1fd,_1fe){if(!_13d){return;}var name=_1fb[1];var len=_1fb.length>2?abego.toInt(_1fb[2],_11f):_11f;var v=store.getValue(_13d,name);if(v){_185(_1f9,_17d(v),len);}},number:function(_202,_203,_204,_205,_206,_207){var _208=_182();if(_208>=0){var text="%0)".format([_208.toString()]);createTiddlyElement(_202,"span",null,"shortcutNumber",text);}}}};var opts={chkUseYourSearch:true,chkPreviewText:true,chkSearchAsYouType:true,chkSearchInTitle:true,chkSearchInText:true,chkSearchInTags:true,chkSearchExtendedFields:true,txtItemsPerPage:_120,txtItemsPerPageWithPreview:_121};for(var n in opts){if(config.options[n]==undefined){config.options[n]=opts[n];}}config.shadowTiddlers.AdvancedOptions+="\n<<option chkUseYourSearch>> Use 'Your Search' //([[more options|YourSearch Options]]) ([[help|YourSearch Help]])// ";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearch Help"]="!Field Search\nWith the Field Search you can restrict your search to certain fields of a tiddler, e.g"+" only search the tags or only the titles. The general form is //fieldname//'':''//textToSearch// (e."+"g. {{{title:intro}}}). In addition one-character shortcuts are also supported for the standard field"+"s {{{title}}}, {{{text}}} and {{{tags}}}:\n|!What you want|!What you type|!Example|\n|Search ''titles "+"only''|start word with ''!''|{{{!jonny}}} (shortcut for {{{title:jonny}}})|\n|Search ''contents/text "+"only''|start word with ''%''|{{{%football}}} (shortcut for {{{text:football}}})|\n|Search ''tags only"+"''|start word with ''#''|{{{#Plugin}}} (shortcut for {{{tags:Plugin}}})|\n\nUsing this feature you may"+" also search the extended fields (\"Metadata\") introduced with TiddlyWiki 2.1, e.g. use {{{priority:1"+"}}} to find all tiddlers with the priority field set to \"1\".\n\nYou may search a word in more than one"+" field. E.g. {{{!#Plugin}}} (or {{{title:tags:Plugin}}} in the \"long form\") finds tiddlers containin"+"g \"Plugin\" either in the title or in the tags (but does not look for \"Plugin\" in the text). \n\n!Boole"+"an Search\nThe Boolean Search is useful when searching for multiple words.\n|!What you want|!What you "+"type|!Example|\n|''All words'' must exist|List of words|{{{jonny jeremy}}} (or {{{jonny and jeremy}}}"+")|\n|''At least one word'' must exist|Separate words by ''or''|{{{jonny or jeremy}}}|\n|A word ''must "+"not exist''|Start word with ''-''|{{{-jonny}}} (or {{{not jonny}}})|\n\n''Note:'' When you specify two"+" words, separated with a space, YourSearch finds all tiddlers that contain both words, but not neces"+"sarily next to each other. If you want to find a sequence of word, e.g. '{{{John Brown}}}', you need"+" to put the words into quotes. I.e. you type: {{{\"john brown\"}}}.\n\nUsing parenthesis you may change "+"the default \"left to right\" evaluation of the boolean search. E.g. {{{not (jonny or jeremy)}}} finds"+" all tiddlers that contain neither \"jonny\" nor \"jeremy. In contrast to this {{{not jonny or jeremy}}"+"} (i.e. without parenthesis) finds all tiddlers that either don't contain \"jonny\" or that contain \"j"+"eremy\".\n\n!'Exact Word' Search\nBy default a search result all matches that 'contain' the searched tex"+"t. E.g. if you search for {{{Task}}} you will get all tiddlers containing 'Task', but also '~Complet"+"edTask', '~TaskForce' etc.\n\nIf you only want to get the tiddlers that contain 'exactly the word' you"+" need to prefix it with a '='. E.g. typing '=Task' will find the tiddlers that contain the word 'Tas"+"k', ignoring words that just contain 'Task' as a substring.\n\n!~CaseSensitiveSearch and ~RegExpSearch"+"\nThe standard search options ~CaseSensitiveSearch and ~RegExpSearch are fully supported by YourSearc"+"h. However when ''~RegExpSearch'' is on Filtered and Boolean Search are disabled.\n\nIn addition you m"+"ay do a \"regular expression\" search even with the ''~RegExpSearch'' set to false by directly enterin"+"g the regular expression into the search field, framed with {{{/.../}}}. \n\nExample: {{{/m[ae][iy]er/"+"}}} will find all tiddlers that contain either \"maier\", \"mayer\", \"meier\" or \"meyer\".\n\n!~JavaScript E"+"xpression Filtering\nIf you are familiar with JavaScript programming and know some TiddlyWiki interna"+"ls you may also use JavaScript expression for the search. Just enter a JavaScript boolean expression"+" into the search field, framed with {{{ { ... } }}}. In the code refer to the variable tiddler and e"+"valuate to {{{true}}} when the given tiddler should be included in the result. \n\nExample: {{{ { tidd"+"ler.modified > new Date(\"Jul 4, 2005\")} }}} returns all tiddler modified after July 4th, 2005.\n\n!Com"+"bined Search\nYou are free to combine the various search options. \n\n''Examples''\n|!What you type|!Res"+"ult|\n|{{{!jonny !jeremy -%football}}}|all tiddlers with both {{{jonny}}} and {{{jeremy}}} in its tit"+"les, but no {{{football}}} in content.|\n|{{{#=Task}}}|All tiddlers tagged with 'Task' (the exact wor"+"d). Tags named '~CompletedTask', '~TaskForce' etc. are not considered.|\n\n!Access Keys\nYou are encour"+"aged to use the access keys (also called \"shortcut\" keys) for the most frequently used operations. F"+"or quick reference these shortcuts are also mentioned in the tooltip for the various buttons etc.\n\n|"+"!Key|!Operation|\n|{{{Alt-F}}}|''The most important keystroke'': It moves the cursor to the search in"+"put field so you can directly start typing your query. Pressing {{{Alt-F}}} will also display the pr"+"evious search result. This way you can quickly display multiple tiddlers using \"Press {{{Alt-F}}}. S"+"elect tiddler.\" sequences.|\n|{{{ESC}}}|Closes the [[YourSearch Result]]. When the [[YourSearch Resul"+"t]] is already closed and the cursor is in the search input field the field's content is cleared so "+"you start a new query.|\n|{{{Alt-1}}}, {{{Alt-2}}},... |Pressing these keys opens the first, second e"+"tc. tiddler from the result list.|\n|{{{Alt-O}}}|Opens all found tiddlers.|\n|{{{Alt-P}}}|Toggles the "+"'Preview Text' mode.|\n|{{{Alt-'<'}}}, {{{Alt-'>'}}}|Displays the previous or next page in the [[Your"+"Search Result]].|\n|{{{Return}}}|When you have turned off the 'as you type' search mode pressing the "+"{{{Return}}} key actually starts the search (as does pressing the 'search' button).|\n\n//If some of t"+"hese shortcuts don't work for you check your browser if you have other extensions installed that alr"+"eady \"use\" these shortcuts.//";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearch Options"]="|>|!YourSearch Options|\n|>|<<option chkUseYourSearch>> Use 'Your Search'|\n|!|<<option chkPreviewText"+">> Show Text Preview|\n|!|<<option chkSearchAsYouType>> 'Search As You Type' Mode (No RETURN required"+" to start search)|\n|!|Default Search Filter:<<option chkSearchInTitle>>Title ('!') <<option chk"+"SearchInText>>Text ('%') <<option chkSearchInTags>>Tags ('#') <<option chkSearchExtendedFiel"+"ds>>Extended Fields<html><br><font size=\"-2\">The fields of a tiddlers that are searched when you don"+"'t explicitly specify a filter in the search text <br>(Explictly specify fields using one or more '!"+"', '%', '#' or 'fieldname:' prefix before the word/text to find).</font></html>|\n|!|Number of items "+"on search result page: <<option txtItemsPerPage>>|\n|!|Number of items on search result page with pre"+"view text: <<option txtItemsPerPageWithPreview>>|\n";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearchStyleSheet"]="/***\n!~YourSearchResult Stylesheet\n***/\n/*{{{*/\n.yourSearchResult {\n\tposition: absolute;\n\twidth: 800"+"px;\n\n\tpadding: 0.2em;\n\tlist-style: none;\n\tmargin: 0;\n\n\tbackground: #ffd;\n\tborder: 1px solid DarkGra"+"y;\n}\n\n/*}}}*/\n/***\n!!Summary Section\n***/\n/*{{{*/\n.yourSearchResult .summary {\n\tborder-bottom-width:"+" thin;\n\tborder-bottom-style: solid;\n\tborder-bottom-color: #999999;\n\tpadding-bottom: 4px;\n}\n\n.yourSea"+"rchRange, .yourSearchCount, .yourSearchQuery {\n\tfont-weight: bold;\n}\n\n.yourSearchResult .summary ."+"button {\n\tfont-size: 10px;\n\n\tpadding-left: 0.3em;\n\tpadding-right: 0.3em;\n}\n\n.yourSearchResult .summa"+"ry .chkBoxLabel {\n\tfont-size: 10px;\n\n\tpadding-right: 0.3em;\n}\n\n/*}}}*/\n/***\n!!Items Area\n***/\n/*{{{*"+"/\n.yourSearchResult .marked {\n\tbackground: none;\n\tfont-weight: bold;\n}\n\n.yourSearchItem {\n\tmargin-to"+"p: 2px;\n}\n\n.yourSearchNumber {\n\tcolor: #808080;\n}\n\n\n.yourSearchTags {\n\tcolor: #008000;\n}\n\n.yourSearc"+"hText {\n\tcolor: #808080;\n\tmargin-bottom: 6px;\n}\n\n/*}}}*/\n/***\n!!Footer\n***/\n/*{{{*/\n.yourSearchFoote"+"r {\n\tmargin-top: 8px;\n\tborder-top-width: thin;\n\tborder-top-style: solid;\n\tborder-top-color: #999999;"+"\n}\n\n.yourSearchFooter a:hover{\n\tbackground: none;\n\tcolor: none;\n}\n/*}}}*/\n/***\n!!Navigation Bar\n***/"+"\n/*{{{*/\n.yourSearchNaviBar a {\n\tfont-size: 16px;\n\tmargin-left: 4px;\n\tmargin-right: 4px;\n\tcolor: bla"+"ck;\n\ttext-decoration: underline;\n}\n\n.yourSearchNaviBar a:hover {\n\tbackground-color: none;\n}\n\n.yourSe"+"archNaviBar .prev {\n\tfont-weight: bold;\n\tcolor: blue;\n}\n\n.yourSearchNaviBar .currentPage {\n\tcolor: #"+"FF0000;\n\tfont-weight: bold;\n\ttext-decoration: none;\n}\n\n.yourSearchNaviBar .next {\n\tfont-weight: bold"+";\n\tcolor: blue;\n}\n/*}}}*/\n";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearchResultTemplate"]="<!--\n{{{\n-->\n<span macro=\"yourSearch if found\">\n<!-- The Summary Header ============================"+"================ -->\n<table class=\"summary\" border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">"+"<tbody>\n <tr>\n\t<td align=\"left\">\n\t\tYourSearch Result <span class=\"yourSearchRange\" macro=\"yourSearc"+"h itemRange\"></span>\n\t\t of <span class=\"yourSearchCount\" macro=\"yourSearch count\"></span>\n"+"\t\tfor <span class=\"yourSearchQuery\" macro=\"yourSearch query\"></span>\n\t</td>\n\t<td class=\"yourSea"+"rchButtons\" align=\"right\">\n\t\t<span macro=\"yourSearch chkPreviewText\"></span><span class=\"chkBoxLabel"+"\">preview text</span>\n\t\t<span macro=\"yourSearch newTiddlerButton\"></span>\n\t\t<span macro=\"yourSearch openAllButton\"></span>\n\t\t<span macro=\"yourSearch lin"+"kButton 'YourSearch Options' options 'Configure YourSearch'\"></span>\n\t\t<span macro=\"yourSearch linkB"+"utton 'YourSearch Help' help 'Get help how to use YourSearch'\"></span>\n\t\t<span macro=\"yourSearch clo"+"seButton\"></span>\n\t</td>\n </tr>\n</tbody></table>\n\n<!-- The List of Found Tiddlers ================="+"=========================== -->\n<div id=\"yourSearchResultItems\" itemsPerPage=\"25\" itemsPerPageWithPr"+"eview=\"10\"></div>\n\n<!-- The Footer (with the Navigation) ==========================================="+"= -->\n<table class=\"yourSearchFooter\" border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody"+">\n <tr>\n\t<td align=\"left\">\n\t\tResult page: <span class=\"yourSearchNaviBar\" macro=\"yourSearch naviBar"+"\"></span>\n\t</td>\n\t<td align=\"right\"><span macro=\"yourSearch version\"></span>, <span macro=\"yourSearc"+"h copyright\"></span>\n\t</td>\n </tr>\n</tbody></table>\n<!-- end of the 'tiddlers found' case ========="+"================================== -->\n</span>\n\n\n<!-- The \"No tiddlers found\" case ================="+"========================== -->\n<span macro=\"yourSearch if not found\">\n<table class=\"summary\" border="+"\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody>\n <tr>\n\t<td align=\"left\">\n\t\tYourSearch Resu"+"lt: No tiddlers found for <span class=\"yourSearchQuery\" macro=\"yourSearch query\"></span>.\n\t</td>\n\t<t"+"d class=\"yourSearchButtons\" align=\"right\">\n\t\t<span macro=\"yourSearch newTiddlerButton\"></span>\n\t\t<span macro=\"yourSearch linkButton 'YourSearch Options'"+" options 'Configure YourSearch'\"></span>\n\t\t<span macro=\"yourSearch linkButton 'YourSearch Help' help"+" 'Get help how to use YourSearch'\"></span>\n\t\t<span macro=\"yourSearch closeButton\"></span>\n\t</td>\n <"+"/tr>\n</tbody></table>\n</span>\n\n\n<!--\n}}}\n-->\n";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearchItemTemplate"]="<!--\n{{{\n-->\n<span class='yourSearchNumber' macro='foundTiddler number'></span>\n<span class='yourSea"+"rchTitle' macro='foundTiddler title'/></span> - \n<span class='yourSearchTags' macro='found"+"Tiddler field tags 50'/></span>\n<span macro=\"yourSearch if previewText\"><div class='yourSearchText' macro='fo"+"undTiddler field text 250'/></div></span>\n<!--\n}}}\n-->";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearch"]="<<tiddler [[YourSearch Help]]>>";config.shadowTiddlers["YourSearch Result"]="The popup-like window displaying the result of a YourSearch query.";config.macros.search.handler=_158;var _20c=function(){if(config.macros.search.handler!=_158){alert("Message from YourSearchPlugin:\n\n\nAnother plugin has disabled the 'Your Search' features.\n\n\nYou may "+"disable the other plugin or change the load order of \nthe plugins (by changing the names of the tidd"+"lers)\nto enable the 'Your Search' features.");}};setTimeout(_20c,5000);abego.YourSearch.getStandardRankFunction=function(){return _100;};abego.YourSearch.getRankFunction=function(){return abego.YourSearch.getStandardRankFunction();};abego.YourSearch.getCurrentTiddler=function(){return _13d;};abego.YourSearch.closeResult=function(){_12b();};abego.YourSearch.getFoundTiddlers=function(){return _f3;};abego.YourSearch.getQuery=function(){return _f4;};abego.YourSearch.onShowResult=function(_20d){highlightHack=_f4?_f4.getMarkRegExp():null;if(!_20d){_13e.setItems(_f7());}if(!_125){_125=createTiddlyElement(document.body,"div",_122,"yourSearchResult");}else{if(_125.parentNode!=document.body){document.body.appendChild(_125);}}_147();highlightHack=null;};})();}
//%/
|''Type:''|file|
|''URL:''|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com|
|''Workspace:''||
This tiddler was automatically created to record the details of this server
A particular set of academic ideas.
/***
|''Name:''|settings|
|''Description:''|set preferences|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.1.0|
***/
/*{{{*/
config.views.editor.defaultText = '';
config.options.chkAnimate = false;
config.options.chkSaveBackups = false;
config.options.chkAutoSave = false;
config.options.txtBackupFolder = "backup",
config.options.txtMaxEditRows = 20;
config.options.chkDisableWikiLinks = true;
config.usePreForStorage = true;
config.displayStartupTime = false;
//config.options.chkSinglePageMode = false;
//config.options.chkTopOfPageMode = false;
/*}}}*/
| tiddlyspot password:|<<option pasUploadPassword>>|
| site management:|<<upload http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi index.html . . discourse>>//(requires tiddlyspot password)//<<br>>[[control panel|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/controlpanel]], [[download (go offline)|http://discourse.tiddlyspot.com/download]]|
| links:|[[tiddlyspot.com|http://tiddlyspot.com/]], [[FAQs|http://faq.tiddlyspot.com/]], [[announcements|http://announce.tiddlyspot.com/]], [[blog|http://tiddlyspot.com/blog/]], email [[support|mailto:support@tiddlyspot.com]] & [[feedback|mailto:feedback@tiddlyspot.com]], [[donate|http://tiddlyspot.com/?page=donate]]|